Python 基于 Selenium 实现 12306 自动购票脚本

Python 基于 Selenium 实现 12306 自动购票脚本

前言

本教程演示如何利用 Python 的 Selenium 自动化测试模块模拟人类操作浏览器，从而实现对 12306 网站的车票查询与预订功能。通过编写脚本，可以自动化完成登录、查票、选座及提交订单等步骤。

环境准备

在运行脚本前，请确保已完成以下准备工作：

1. Python 环境：安装 Python 3.x 版本。
2. 依赖库：使用 pip 安装 Selenium 库。

   pip install selenium
   

3. 浏览器驱动：下载与本地 Chrome 浏览器版本一致的 chromedriver.exe。将驱动文件放置于脚本同一目录下，或将其添加到系统环境变量 PATH 中。
4. 浏览器设置：建议使用 Chrome 浏览器，并关闭自动更新弹窗干扰。

核心代码实现

以下是完整的抢票脚本结构，包含初始化、登录、搜索、下单等核心方法。

import time
import datetime
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class Qiangpiao():
    def __init__(self, from_station, to_station, depart_time, train_num, passenger):
        self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html'
        self.init_my_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/view/index.html'
        self.order_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc'
        
        self.from_station = from_station
        .to_station = to_station
        .depart_time = depart_time
        .train_num = train_num
        .passenger = passenger
        
        .now_month = datetime.date.today().month
        .leave_month = (.depart_time.split()[])
        .leave_day = (.depart_time.split()[])
        
        .driver = webdriver.Chrome()

     ():
        .driver.get(.login_url)
        .driver.set_window_size(, )
        
        WebDriverWait(.driver, ).until(EC.url_to_be(.init_my_url))
        ()

     ():
        time.sleep()
        :
            .driver.find_element(By.XPATH, ).click()
         Exception:
            

     ():
        action = ActionChains(.driver)
        element = .driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, )
        action.move_to_element(element).perform()
        .driver.find_element(By.XPATH, ).click()
        .driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, ).click()

     ():
        
        .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).click()
        .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).send_keys(.from_station)
        .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
        
        
        .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).click()
        .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).send_keys(.to_station)
        .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
        
        
        .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).click()
         .leave_month == .now_month:
            xpath_str = 
         .leave_month == .now_month + :
            xpath_str = 
        :
            ()
            

         EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, xpath_str)):
            .driver.find_element(By.XPATH, xpath_str).click()
        :
            ()
            

        
        WebDriverWait(.driver, ).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, )))
        search_btn = .driver.find_element(By.ID, )
        search_btn.click()
        
        
        WebDriverWait(.driver, ).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, )))

     ():
        train_num_list = []
        train_num_ele_list = .driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, )
         t  train_num_ele_list:
            train_num_list.append(t.text)
        
        tr_list = .driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, )
        
         .train_num  train_num_list:
             tr  tr_list:
                train_num = tr.find_element(By.XPATH, ).text
                 .train_num == train_num:
                    text_1 = tr.find_element(By.XPATH, ).text
                    text_2 = tr.find_element(By.XPATH, ).text
                    
                     (text_1 ==   text_1.isdigit())  (text_2 ==   text_2.isdigit()):
                        order_btn = tr.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, )
                        order_btn.click()
                        
                        WebDriverWait(.driver, ).until(EC.url_to_be(.order_url))
                        
                        
                        .driver.find_element(By.XPATH, ).click()
                        
                        
                         EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, )):
                            .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).click()
                        
                        
                        .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).click()
                        time.sleep()
                        
                        
                        .driver.find_element(By.ID, ).click()
                        ()
                        
                    :
                        ()
        :
            ()

     ():
        ._login()
        ._pop_window()
        ._enter_order_ticket()
        ._search_ticket()
        ._order_ticket()
        time.sleep()
        .driver.quit()

 __name__ == :
    
    qiangpiao = Qiangpiao(, , , , )
    qiangpiao.run()