Python 自动化抢票脚本实战：基于 Selenium 的 12306 购票流程

前言

在春运等高峰期，手动抢票往往面临页面拥堵、验证码复杂等问题。利用 Python 结合 Selenium 自动化框架，可以模拟人工操作，提高查询和提交订单的效率。本文将详细介绍如何构建一个基于 Selenium 的 12306 抢票脚本，涵盖环境搭建、登录处理、余票监控及订单提交等核心环节。

import time import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager class TrainTicketBot: def __init__(self): # 初始化浏览器 self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install()) self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10) # 配置信息 self.passengers = ['张三', '李四'] self.from_station = '%u5E7F%u5DDE%2CGZQ' # 广州 self.to_station = '%u90D1%u5DDE%2CZZF' # 郑州 self.train_numbers = ['Z90', 'Z190'] self.seat_type = '硬卧' self.email_receiver = '[email protected]' self.login_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init' self.init_my_url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306' def do_login(self): """手动登录并等待 Session 建立""" print('请扫码登陆或者账号登陆……') self.driver.get(self.login_url) while True: if self.init_my_url in self.driver.current_url: break time.sleep(1) print('登录成功') def check_ticket(self): """检查余票""" # 此处省略具体 URL 构造细节，实际需根据 12306 接口文档调整 # 模拟查找表格行 try: # 注意：12306 页面结构频繁变动，XPath 需根据实际情况调整 rows = self.driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//tr[@datatran]') for row in rows: # 简单逻辑演示 pass except Exception as e: print(f'查询出错：{e}') def submit_order(self): """提交订单""" print('开始尝试预订……') # 模拟点击预订按钮 # self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'td.no-br>a').click() # 选择乘客 # 选择席别 # 提交订单 print('订单提交中...') def send_mail(self, receiver_address, content): """发送邮件通知""" host = 'smtp.163.com' port = 25 sender = '[email protected]' pwd = 'your_auth_code' receiver = receiver_address body = f'<h3>温馨提醒</h3><p>{content}</p>' msg = MIMEText(body, 'html', _charset="utf-8") msg['subject'] = '抢票成功通知！' msg['from'] = sender msg['to'] = receiver s = smtplib.SMTP(host, port) s.login(sender, pwd) s.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) s.quit() def run(self): self.do_login() # 主循环逻辑 while True: self.check_ticket() # 这里应加入具体的余票判断逻辑 time.sleep(5) if __name__ == '__main__': bot = TrainTicketBot() bot.run()

Python 自动化抢票脚本实战：基于 Selenium 的 12306 购票流程