LlamaFactory 多模态大模型微调框架指南

配置文件是 YAML 格式的文件，命名清晰，包括训练参数、任务配置参数。

在训练上，官方提供了很多示例文件，比如全量训练、LoRA 微调、QLoRA 微调等方法。

训练

uv run llamafactory-cli train examples/train_lora/qwen3_lora_sft.yaml 

### examples/train_lora/llama3_lora_sft.yaml
model_name_or_path: meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct
stage: sft
do_train: true
finetuning_type: lora
lora_target: all
dataset: identity, alpaca_en_demo
template: llama3
cutoff_len: 1024
max_samples: 1000
overwrite_cache: true
preprocessing_num_workers: 16
output_dir: saves/llama3-8b/lora/sft
logging_steps: 10
save_steps: 500
plot_loss: true
overwrite_output_dir: true
per_device_train_batch_size: 1
gradient_accumulation_steps: 8
learning_rate: 1.0e-4
num_train_epochs: 3.0
lr_scheduler_type: cosine
warmup_ratio: 0.1
bf16: true
ddp_timeout: 180000000
val_size: 0.1
per_device_eval_batch_size: 1
eval_strategy: steps
eval_steps: 500

导出

llamafactory-cli export merge_config.yaml 

### examples/merge_lora/llama3_lora_sft.yaml
### model
model_name_or_path: meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct
adapter_name_or_path: saves/llama3-8b/lora/sft
template: llama3
finetuning_type: lora
### export
export_dir: models/llama3_lora_sft
export_size: 2
export_device: cpu
export_legacy_format: false 

推理

llamafactory-cli chat inference_config.yaml 

### examples/inference/llama3.yaml
model_name_or_path: meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct
template: llama3
infer_backend: huggingface # choices: [huggingface, vllm]

评估

llamafactory-cli eval examples/train_lora/llama3_lora_eval.yaml 

### examples/train_lora/llama3_lora_eval.yaml
### model
model_name_or_path: meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct
adapter_name_or_path: saves/llama3-8b/lora/sft
# 可选项
### method
finetuning_type: lora
### dataset
task: mmlu_test # mmlu_test, ceval_validation, cmmlu_test
template: fewshot
lang: en
n_shot: 5
### output
save_dir: saves/llama3-8b/lora/eval
### eval
batch_size: 4

微调 Qwen3 VL

模型准备

llamafactory-cli 可以自动下载模型，但是国内有时会超时，建议使用国内镜像网站。在命令行中执行如下：

export HF_ENDPOINT="https://hf-mirror.com"

选择一个指定的模型 Qwen/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct。

数据准备

LlamaFactory 中数据集的配置集中在 data 下面的 dataset_info.json。

"identity": {"file_name": "identity.json"},
"alpaca_en_demo": {"file_name": "alpaca_en_demo.json"},
"alpaca_zh_demo": {"file_name": "alpaca_zh_demo.json"},
"glaive_toolcall_en_demo": {"file_name": "glaive_toolcall_en_demo.json", "formatting": "sharegpt", "columns": {"messages": "conversations", "tools": "tools"}},

dataset_info.json 中 JSON 格式的文件，配置了需要使用的数据集。key 是数据集的名字，value 是具体参数。

例如：

数据集名称：alpaca_en_demo 数据集路径：alpaca_en_demo.json

具体数据集的格式，LlamaFactory 目前支持 Alpaca 和 ShareGPT 两种数据格式。

Alpaca：

[{"instruction":"Describe a process of making crepes.","input":"","output":"Making crepes is an easy and delicious process! Enjoy!"},{"instruction":"Transform the following sentence using a synonym: The car sped quickly.","input":"","output":"The car accelerated rapidly."}]

ShareGPT：

[{"messages":[{"content":"<audio>What's that sound?","role":"user"},{"content":"It is the sound of glass shattering.","role":"assistant"}],"audios":["mllm_demo_data/1.mp3"]}]

本次使用 coco-2014-caption，属于 ShareGPT 格式，所以使用 ShareGPT 格式来准备。

dataset_info.json 注册 coco 数据集的配置项

"coco-400":{"file_name":"coco-400.json","formatting":"sharegpt","columns":{"messages":"conversations","id":"id"},"tags":{"role_tag":"from","content_tag":"value","user_tag":"user","assistant_tag":"assistant"}}

COCO 数据集的格式如下：

配置参数

微调就选择 QLoRA 的方式，根据工程给的示例文件去修改，选择的示例文件是：

### model
model_name_or_path: Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Instruct-2507
quantization_bit: 4
# choices: [8 (bnb/hqq/eetq), 4 (bnb/hqq), 3 (hqq), 2 (hqq)]
quantization_method: bnb
# choices: [bnb, hqq, eetq]
trust_remote_code: true
### method
stage: sft
do_train: true
finetuning_type: lora
lora_rank: 8
lora_target: all
### dataset
dataset: identity, alpaca_en_demo
template: qwen3_nothink
cutoff_len: 2048
max_samples: 1000
preprocessing_num_workers: 16
dataloader_num_workers: 4
### output
output_dir: saves/qwen3-4b/lora/sft
logging_steps: 10
save_steps: 500
plot_loss: true
overwrite_output_dir: true
save_only_model: false
report_to: none # choices: [none, wandb, tensorboard, swanlab, mlflow]
### train
per_device_train_batch_size: 1
gradient_accumulation_steps: 8
learning_rate: 1.0e-4
num_train_epochs: 3.0
lr_scheduler_type: cosine
warmup_ratio: 0.1
bf16: true
ddp_timeout: 180000000
### eval
# val_size: 0.1
# per_device_eval_batch_size: 1
# eval_strategy: steps
# eval_steps: 500

根据以上模板，修改成我们自身的参数，关键修改在于：

1. 模型名称：model_name_or_path
2. 数据集：dataset
3. 模板：template 视觉大模型是 qwen3_vl_nothink，语言大模型是 qwen3_nothink，用错模板会报错

剩下的如训练批次、batch_size、梯度累计、学习率、保存路径、训练记录等都有设置，不再详说。

### model
model_name_or_path: Qwen/Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct
quantization_bit: 4
# choices: [8 (bnb/hqq/eetq), 4 (bnb/hqq), 3 (hqq), 2 (hqq)]
quantization_method: bnb
# choices: [bnb, hqq, eetq]
trust_remote_code: true
### method
stage: sft
do_train: true
finetuning_type: lora
lora_rank: 8
lora_target: all
### dataset
dataset: coco-3000
template: qwen3_vl_nothink
cutoff_len: 2048
# max_samples: 1000
preprocessing_num_workers: 16
dataloader_num_workers: 4
### output
output_dir: saves/qwen3-2b-coco-3000/lora/sft
logging_steps: 10
save_steps: 500
plot_loss: true
overwrite_output_dir: true
save_only_model: false
report_to: none # choices: [none, wandb, tensorboard, swanlab, mlflow]
### train
per_device_train_batch_size: 2
gradient_accumulation_steps: 4
learning_rate: 1e-5
num_train_epochs: 2
lr_scheduler_type: cosine
warmup_ratio: 0.1
bf16: true
ddp_timeout: 180000000
### eval
# val_size: 0.1
# per_device_eval_batch_size: 1
# eval_strategy: steps
# eval_steps: 500
### swanlab
use_swanlab: true
swanlab_project: llamafactory
swanlab_run_name: Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct-llamafactory 

启动训练

uv run llamafactory-cli train examples/train_qlora/qwen3-coco.yaml 

➜ LlamaFactory git:(main) ✗ uv run llamafactory-cli train examples/train_qlora/qwen3-coco.yaml
[WARNING|2026-02-06 17:47:42] llamafactory.hparams.parser:148>> We recommend enable `upcast_layernorm` in quantized training.
Qwen3VLVideoProcessor {"crop_size": null,"data_format":"channels_first","default_to_square": true,"device": null,"do_center_crop": null,"do_convert_rgb": true,"do_normalize": true,"do_rescale": true,"do_resize": true,"do_sample_frames": true,"fps":2,"image_mean":[0.5,0.5,0.5],"image_std":[0.5,0.5,0.5],"input_data_format": null,"max_frames":768,"merge_size":2,"min_frames":4,"num_frames": null,"pad_size": null,"patch_size":16,"processor_class":"Qwen3VLProcessor","resample":3,"rescale_factor":0.00392156862745098,"return_metadata": false,"size":{"longest_edge":25165824,"shortest_edge":4096},"temporal_patch_size":2,"video_metadata": null,"video_processor_type":"Qwen3VLVideoProcessor"}
[INFO|processing_utils.py:1116]2026-02-06 17:47:50,292>> loading configuration file processor_config.json from cache at None
[INFO|processing_utils.py:1199]2026-02-06 17:47:50,543>> Processor Qwen3VLProcessor:- image_processor: Qwen2VLImageProcessorFast {...}
[INFO|trainer.py:2519]2026-02-06 17:47:58,649>>***** Running training *****
[INFO|trainer.py:2520]2026-02-06 17:47:58,649>> Num examples = 600
[INFO|trainer.py:2521]2026-02-06 17:47:58,649>> Num Epochs = 2
[INFO|trainer.py:2522]2026-02-06 17:47:58,649>> Instantaneous batch size per device = 2
[INFO|trainer.py:2525]2026-02-06 17:47:58,649>> Total train batch size (w. parallel, distributed & accumulation)=8
[INFO|trainer.py:2526]2026-02-06 17:47:58,649>> Gradient Accumulation steps = 4
[INFO|trainer.py:2527]2026-02-06 17:47:58,649>> Total optimization steps = 150
[INFO|trainer.py:2528]2026-02-06 17:47:58,651>> Number of trainable parameters = 8,716,288
{'loss': 4.3662, 'grad_norm': 5.828382968902588, 'learning_rate': 6e-06, 'epoch': 0.13}
{'loss': 4.389, 'grad_norm': 6.548262119293213, 'learning_rate': 9.978353953249023e-06, 'epoch': 0.27}
{'loss': 4.0005, 'grad_norm': 6.604191303253174, 'learning_rate': 9.736983212571646e-06, 'epoch': 0.4}
{'loss': 3.4562, 'grad_norm': 5.726210117340088, 'learning_rate': 9.24024048078213e-06, 'epoch': 0.53}
{'loss': 3.1868, 'grad_norm': 3.4086735313341553, 'learning_rate': 8.514905871600676e-06, 'epoch': 0.67}
{'loss': 2.9764, 'grad_norm': 2.15506052988623, 'learning_rate': 7.600080639646077e-06, 'epoch': 0.8}
{'loss': 2.9609, 'grad_norm': 2.26679112060547, 'learning_rate': 6.545084971874738e-06, 'epoch': 0.93}
{'loss': 2.7471, 'grad_norm': 1.8668205738067627, 'learning_rate': 5.406793373339292e-06, 'epoch': 1.07}
{'loss': 2.9607, 'grad_norm': 2.0235414505004883, 'learning_rate': 4.246571438752585e-06, 'epoch': 1.2}
{'loss': 2.7321, 'grad_norm': 1.6290875673294067, 'learning_rate': 3.12696703292044e-06, 'epoch': 1.33}
{'loss': 2.6867, 'grad_norm': 2.1829676628112793, 'learning_rate': 2.108338191600676e-06, 'epoch': 1.47}
{'loss': 2.7761, 'grad_norm': 1.8782838582992554, 'learning_rate': 1.2455998350925042e-06, 'epoch': 1.6}
{'loss': 2.6362, 'grad_norm': 1.8889576196670532, 'learning_rate': 5.852620357053651e-07, 'epoch': 1.73}
{'loss': 2.6991, 'grad_norm': 2.0048000812530518, 'learning_rate': 1.6292390268568103e-07, 'epoch': 1.87}
{'loss': 2.6784, 'grad_norm': 1.992411882946, 'learning_rate': 1.3537941026914302e-09, 'epoch': 2.0}
100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████|150/150[01:30<00:00,1.65it/s]
[INFO|trainer.py:4309]2026-02-06 17:49:31,374>> Saving model checkpoint to saves/qwen3-2b-coco-3000/lora/sft/checkpoint-150
{'train_runtime': 93.701, 'train_samples_per_second': 12.807, 'train_steps_per_second': 1.601, 'train_loss': 3.1501645787556964, 'epoch': 2.0}
100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████|150/150[01:31<00:00,1.63it/s]
epoch = 2.0 total_flos = 1679346GF train_loss = 3.1502 train_runtime = 0:01:33.70 train_samples_per_second = 12.807 train_steps_per_second = 1.601
Figure saved at: saves/qwen3-2b-coco-3000/lora/sft/training_loss.png
[WARNING|2026-02-06 17:49:33] llamafactory.extras.ploting:148>> No metric eval_loss to plot.
[WARNING|2026-02-06 17:49:33] llamafactory.extras.ploting:148>> No metric eval_accuracy to plot.
[INFO|modelcard.py:456]2026-02-06 17:49:33,450>> Dropping the following result as it does not have all the necessary fields:{'task':{'name':'Causal Language Modeling','type':'text-generation'}}

训练过程记录