Python 实现消消乐小游戏

随机生成拼图块

初始化时，在网格中随机放置不同颜色的拼图块（Gems）。为了避免初始状态直接存在可消除的组合，需进行预检查。

while True:
    self.all_gems = []
    self.gems_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    for x in range(NUMGRID):
        self.all_gems.append([])
        for y in range(NUMGRID):
            gem = Puzzle(
                img_path=random.choice(self.gem_imgs),
                size=(GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE),
                position=[XMARGIN + x * GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN + y * GRIDSIZE - NUMGRID * GRIDSIZE],
                downlen=NUMGRID * GRIDSIZE
            )
            self.all_gems[x].append(gem)
            self.gems_group.add(gem)
        if self.isMatch()[0] == 0:
            break

计分与计时系统

游戏需要实时显示当前分数、加分动画以及剩余时间。

显示分数

def drawScore(self):
    score_render = self.font.render('分数:' + str(self.score), 1, (85, 65, 0))
    rect = score_render.get_rect()
    rect.left, rect.top = (55, 15)
    self.screen.blit(score_render, rect)

显示加分动画

当发生消除时，弹出加分提示。

def drawAddScore(self, add_score):
    score_render = self.font.render('+' + str(add_score), 1, (255, 100, 100))
    rect = score_render.get_rect()
    rect.left, rect.top = (250, 250)
    self.screen.blit(score_render, rect)

显示倒计时

def showRemainingTime(self):
    remaining_time_render = self.font.render('倒计时：%ss' % str(self.remaining_time), 1, (85, 65, 0))
    rect = remaining_time_render.get_rect()
    rect.left, rect.top = (WIDTH - 190, 15)
    self.screen.blit(remaining_time_render, rect)

游戏结束处理

当时间耗尽，显示最终得分并提供重新开始选项。

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_r:
            flag = True
    if flag:
        break
    screen.fill((255, 255, 220))
    text0 = '最终得分：%s' % score
    text1 = '按 R 键重新开始'
    y = 140
    for idx, text in enumerate([text0, text1]):
        text_render = font.render(text, 1, (85, 65, 0))
        rect = text_render.get_rect()
        if idx == 0:
            rect.left, rect.top = (100, y)
        elif idx == 1:
            rect.left, rect.top = (100, y)
        y += 60
        screen.blit(text_render, rect)
    pygame.display.update()

核心交互逻辑

鼠标选中检测

通过鼠标位置判断是否点击了某个拼图块。

def checkSelected(self, position):
    for x in range(NUMGRID):
        for y in range(NUMGRID):
            if self.getGemByPos(x, y).rect.collidepoint(*position):
                return [x, y]
    return None

方块交换

允许玩家交换相邻的两个方块。代码需验证交换位置是否相邻（距离为 1），并更新方向和目标坐标。

def swapGem(self, gem1_pos, gem2_pos):
    margin = gem1_pos[0] - gem2_pos[0] + gem1_pos[1] - gem2_pos[1]
    if abs(margin) != 1:
        return False
    gem1 = self.getGemByPos(*gem1_pos)
    gem2 = self.getGemByPos(*gem2_pos)
    
    # 确定移动方向
    if gem1_pos[0] - gem2_pos[0] == 1:
        gem1.direction = 'left'
        gem2.direction = 'right'
    elif gem1_pos[0] - gem2_pos[0] == -1:
        gem2.direction = 'left'
        gem1.direction = 'right'
    elif gem1_pos[1] - gem2_pos[1] == 1:
        gem1.direction = 'up'
        gem2.direction = 'down'
    elif gem1_pos[1] - gem2_pos[1] == -1:
        gem2.direction = 'up'
        gem1.direction = 'down'
    
    # 设置目标位置
    gem1.target_x = gem2.rect.left
    gem1.target_y = gem2.rect.top
    gem1.fixed = False
    gem2.target_x = gem1.rect.left
    gem2.target_y = gem1.rect.top
    gem2.fixed = False
    
    # 交换数组引用
    self.all_gems[gem2_pos[0]][gem2_pos[1]] = gem1
    self.all_gems[gem1_pos[0]][gem1_pos[1]] = gem2
    return True

匹配检测

遍历网格，检查是否存在横向或纵向连续三个及以上相同类型的方块。

def isMatch(self):
    for x in range(NUMGRID):
        for y in range(NUMGRID):
            # 检查横向
            if x + 2 < NUMGRID:
                if (self.getGemByPos(x, y).type == self.getGemByPos(x+1, y).type == 
                    self.getGemByPos(x+2, y).type):
                    return [1, x, y]
            # 检查纵向
            if y + 2 < NUMGRID:
                if (self.getGemByPos(x, y).type == self.getGemByPos(x, y+1).type == 
                    self.getGemByPos(x, y+2).type):
                    return [2, x, y]
    return [0, x, y]

消除与生成新方块

当检测到匹配时，移除对应方块，上方方块下落，顶部生成新方块。

def removeMatched(self, res_match):
    if res_match[0] > 0:
        self.generateNewGems(res_match)
        self.score += self.reward
        return self.reward
    return 0

def generateNewGems(self, res_match):
    if res_match[0] == 1:  # 横向消除
        start = res_match[2]
        while start > -2:
            for each in [res_match[1], res_match[1]+1, res_match[1]+2]:
                gem = self.getGemByPos(*[each, start])
                if start == res_match[2]:
                    self.gems_group.remove(gem)
                    self.all_gems[each][start] = None
                elif start >= 0:
                    gem.target_y += GRIDSIZE
                    gem.fixed = False
                    gem.direction = 'down'
                    self.all_gems[each][start+1] = gem
                else:
                    gem = Puzzle(
                        img_path=random.choice(self.gem_imgs),
                        size=(GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE),
                        position=[XMARGIN + each * GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN - GRIDSIZE],
                        downlen=GRIDSIZE
                    )
                    self.gems_group.add(gem)
                    self.all_gems[each][start+1] = gem
            start -= 1
    elif res_match[0] == 2:  # 纵向消除
        start = res_match[2]
        while start > -4:
            if start == res_match[2]:
                for each in range(0, 3):
                    gem = self.getGemByPos(*[res_match[1], start+each])
                    self.gems_group.remove(gem)
                    self.all_gems[res_match[1]][start+each] = None
            elif start >= 0:
                gem = self.getGemByPos(*[res_match[1], start])
                gem.target_y += GRIDSIZE * 3
                gem.fixed = False
                gem.direction = 'down'
                self.all_gems[res_match[1]][start+3] = gem
            else:
                gem = Puzzle(
                    img_path=random.choice(self.gem_imgs),
                    size=(GRIDSIZE, GRIDSIZE),
                    position=[XMARGIN + res_match[1] * GRIDSIZE, YMARGIN + start * GRIDSIZE],
                    downlen=GRIDSIZE * 3
                )
                self.gems_group.add(gem)
                self.all_gems[res_match[1]][start+3] = gem
            start -= 1

总结

本文详细讲解了使用 Python 和 Pygame 构建消消乐游戏的核心流程，包括界面渲染、事件监听、数据交换及消除算法。通过模块化设计，可以进一步扩展关卡系统、道具功能或音效支持。开发者可根据实际需求调整网格大小、颜色种类及游戏规则。

注：以上代码片段展示了关键逻辑，实际运行需结合完整的类结构定义及资源文件加载。