Spring Boot 数据导入导出与报表生成实战

1.2 核心代码实现

实体类定义 注意字段类型与 Excel 列的对应关系：

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "product")
public class Product {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    private String productId;
    private String productName;
    private double price;
    private int sales;

    // Getter 和 Setter 方法省略，实际开发建议使用 Lombok
}

服务层逻辑 这里展示了导入导出的关键流程。导入时跳过表头，导出时自动调整列宽。

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;

    @Transactional
    public void importProducts(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(file.getInputStream());
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
        Iterator<Row> iterator = sheet.iterator();
        
        if (iterator.hasNext()) {
            iterator.next(); // 跳过标题行
        }
        
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Row currentRow = iterator.next();
            Product product = new Product();
            product.setProductId(currentRow.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
            product.setProductName(currentRow.getCell(1).getStringCellValue());
            product.setPrice(currentRow.getCell(2).getNumericCellValue());
            product.setSales((int) currentRow.getCell(3).getNumericCellValue());
            products.add(product);
        }
        productRepository.saveAll(products);
        workbook.close();
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public byte[] exportProducts() throws IOException {
        List<Product> products = productRepository.findAll();
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Products");
        
        // 创建表头
        Row headerRow = sheet.createRow(0);
        Cell headerCell0 = headerRow.createCell(0); headerCell0.setCellValue("Product ID");
        Cell headerCell1 = headerRow.createCell(1); headerCell1.setCellValue("Product Name");
        Cell headerCell2 = headerRow.createCell(2); headerCell2.setCellValue("Price");
        Cell headerCell3 = headerRow.createCell(3); headerCell3.setCellValue("Sales");

        int rowNum = 1;
        for (Product product : products) {
            Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);
            row.createCell(0).setCellValue(product.getProductId());
            row.createCell(1).setCellValue(product.getProductName());
            row.createCell(2).setCellValue(product.getPrice());
            row.createCell(3).setCellValue(product.getSales());
        }
        
        // 自动调整列宽
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
        }
        
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        workbook.write(outputStream);
        workbook.close();
        return outputStream.toByteArray();
    }
}

控制器接口 处理文件上传和响应下载流：

import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import java.io.IOException;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    @PostMapping("/import")
    public ResponseEntity<String> importProducts(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
        try {
            productService.importProducts(file);
            return ResponseEntity.ok("数据导入成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return ResponseEntity.status(500).body("数据导入失败：" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("/export")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> exportProducts() throws IOException {
        byte[] bytes = productService.exportProducts();
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"));
        headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", "products.xlsx");
        return ResponseEntity.ok().headers(headers).body(bytes);
    }
}

2. 报表生成（JasperReports）

对于需要固定格式、打印友好的场景，PDF 报表是更好的选择。JasperReports 提供了强大的模板引擎支持。

2.1 依赖配置

<dependencies>
    <!-- ... 其他基础依赖 ... -->
    <!-- JasperReports 依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.sf.jasperreports</groupId>
        <artifactId>jasperreports</artifactId>
        <version>6.17.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.sf.jasperreports</groupId>
        <artifactId>jasperreports-fonts</artifactId>
        <version>6.17.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2.2 报表服务实现

加载预编译的 .jasper 模板，填充数据源后导出为 PDF。

import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.*;
import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.data.JRBeanCollectionDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Service
public class ReportService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;

    public byte[] generateProductReport() throws JRException {
        var products = productRepository.findAll();
        
        // 加载 Jasper 模板
        InputStream templateStream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/reports/product-report.jasper");
        JasperReport jasperReport = (JasperReport) JRLoader.loadObject(templateStream);
        
        // 设置参数
        Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<>();
        parameters.put("Title", "产品销售报表");
        
        // 设置数据源
        JRBeanCollectionDataSource dataSource = new JRBeanCollectionDataSource(products);
        
        // 填充报表
        JasperPrint jasperPrint = JasperFillManager.fillReport(jasperReport, parameters, dataSource);
        
        // 导出为 PDF
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        JasperExportManager.exportReportToPdfStream(jasperPrint, outputStream);
        return outputStream.toByteArray();
    }
}

配合 Controller 中的 /report 接口即可触发下载。

3. 总结

在实际项目中，数据导入导出与报表生成往往并存。Apache POI 适合灵活的数据交互，而 JasperReports 更适合正式的业务报表。开发时需注意异常处理、大文件内存优化以及字符编码问题，确保系统的稳定性。