Spring Boot 与 Vue 实现 WebSocket 实时游戏匹配系统

WebSocket 连接建立

在 views/pk/PKIndex.vue 中建立连接并处理生命周期：

<template>
  <PlayGround/>
</template>
<script>
import PlayGround from "@/components/PlayGround.vue";
import { onMounted, onUnmounted } from "vue";
import { useStore } from "vuex";

export default {
  name: "PKIndex",
  components: { PlayGround },
  setup() {
    const store = useStore();
    const socketUrl = `ws://127.0.0.1:3000/websocket/${store.state.user.id}/`;
    let socket = null;

    onMounted(() => {
      socket = new WebSocket(socketUrl);
      socket.onopen = () => {
        console.log("connected!");
        store.commit("updateSocket", socket);
      };
      socket.onmessage = (msg) => {
        const data = JSON.parse(msg.data);
        console.log(data);
      };
      socket.onclose = () => {
        console.log("disconnected!");
      };
    });

    onUnmounted(() => {
      if (socket) socket.close();
    });
  }
};
</script>

JWT 验证增强

若使用 userId 建立 WS 连接，存在安全风险。建议改用 token 验证。

修改连接 URL：

const socketUrl = `ws://127.0.0.1:3000/websocket/${store.state.user.token}/`;

后端添加 JWT 验证逻辑 consumer/utils/JwtAuthentication.java：

package org.example.backend.consumer.utils;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import org.example.backend.utils.JwtUtil;

public class JwtAuthentication {
  public static Integer getUserId(String token) {
    int userId = -1;
    try {
      Claims claims = JwtUtil.parseJWT(token);
      userId = Integer.parseInt(claims.getSubject());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    return userId;
  }
}

修改后端 consumer/WebSocketServer.java 的 onOpen 方法，解析 token 失败则关闭连接：

@OnOpen
public void onOpen(Session session, @PathParam("token") String token) throws IOException {
  this.session = session;
  System.out.println("connected to websocket");
  Integer userId = JwtAuthentication.getUserId(token);
  User user = userMapper.selectById(userId);
  if (user != null) {
    users.put(userId, this);
  } else {
    this.session.close();
  }
}

匹配界面逻辑

界面切换

在 views/pk/PKIndex.vue 中根据状态渲染不同组件：

<template>
  <PlayGround v-if="$store.state.pk.status === 'playing'"/>
  <MatchGround v-if="$store.state.pk.status === 'matching'"/>
</template>

创建 components/MatchGround.vue 用于匹配阶段：

<template>
  <div class="matchground">
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-6">
        <div class="user-photo"><img :src="$store.state.user.photo" alt=""></div>
        <div class="user-username">{{ $store.state.user.username }}</div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-6">
        <div class="user-photo"><img :src="$store.state.pk.opponent_photo" alt=""></div>
        <div class="user-username">{{ $store.state.pk.opponent_username }}</div>
      </div>
      <div class="col-12" style="text-align: center; padding-top: 15vh;">
        <button @click="click_match_btn" type="button" class="btn btn-warning btn-lg">{{ match_btn_info }}</button>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import { ref } from 'vue';
import { useStore } from 'vuex';

export default {
  setup() {
    const store = useStore();
    let match_btn_info = ref("开始匹配");

    const click_match_btn = () => {
      if (match_btn_info.value === "开始匹配") {
        match_btn_info.value = "取消";
        store.state.pk.socket.send(JSON.stringify({ event: "start-matching" }));
      } else {
        match_btn_info.value = "开始匹配";
        store.state.pk.socket.send(JSON.stringify({ event: "stop-matching" }));
      }
    };

    return { match_btn_info, click_match_btn };
  }
};
</script>
<style scoped>
div.matchground {
  width: 60vw;
  height: 70vh;
  margin: 40px auto;
  background-color: rgba(50, 50, 50, 0.5);
}
div.user-photo { text-align: center; padding-top: 10vh; }
div.user-photo > img { border-radius: 50%; width: 20vh; }
div.user-username { text-align: center; font-size: 24px; font-weight: 600; color: white; padding-top: 2vh; }
</style>

点击按钮后，通过 WebSocket 发送 start-matching 或 stop-matching 事件。

后端匹配逻辑

consumer/WebSocketServer.java 核心逻辑：

@Component
@ServerEndpoint("/websocket/{token}")
public class WebSocketServer {
  private final static ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, WebSocketServer> users = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  private final static CopyOnWriteArraySet<User> matchpool = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
  private User user;
  private Session session = null;
  private static UserMapper userMapper;

  @Autowired
  public void setUserMapper(UserMapper userMapper) {
    WebSocketServer.userMapper = userMapper;
  }

  @OnOpen
  public void onOpen(Session session, @PathParam("token") String token) throws IOException {
    this.session = session;
    Integer userId = JwtAuthentication.getUserId(token);
    this.user = userMapper.selectById(userId);
    if (this.user != null) {
      users.put(userId, this);
    } else {
      this.session.close();
    }
  }

  @OnClose
  public void onClose() {
    if (this.user != null) {
      users.remove(this.user.getId());
      matchpool.remove(this.user);
    }
  }

  private void startMatching() {
    matchpool.add(this.user);
    while (matchpool.size() >= 2) {
      Iterator<User> it = matchpool.iterator();
      User a = it.next(), b = it.next();
      matchpool.remove(a);
      matchpool.remove(b);
      Game game = new Game(13, 14, 20);
      game.createMap();
      JSONObject respA = new JSONObject();
      respA.put("event", "start-matching");
      respA.put("opponent_username", b.getUsername());
      respA.put("opponent_photo", b.getPhoto());
      respA.put("gamemap", game.getG());
      users.get(a.getId()).sendMessage(respA.toJSONString());

      JSONObject respB = new JSONObject();
      respB.put("event", "start-matching");
      respB.put("opponent_username", a.getUsername());
      respB.put("opponent_photo", a.getPhoto());
      respB.put("gamemap", game.getG());
      users.get(b.getId()).sendMessage(respB.toJSONString());
    }
  }

  private void stopMatching() {
    matchpool.remove(this.user);
  }

  @OnMessage
  public void onMessage(String message, Session session) {
    JSONObject data = JSONObject.parseObject(message);
    String event = data.getString("event");
    if ("start-matching".equals(event)) {
      startMatching();
    } else if ("stop-matching".equals(event)) {
      stopMatching();
    }
  }

  public void sendMessage(String message) {
    synchronized (this.session) {
      try {
        this.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }
}

前端接收匹配成功消息并更新状态：

socket.onmessage = (msg) => {
  const data = JSON.parse(msg.data);
  if (data.event === "start-matching") {
    store.commit("updateOpponent", {
      username: data.opponent_username,
      photo: data.opponent_photo,
    });
    setTimeout(() => {
      store.commit("updateStatus", "playing");
    }, 2000);
    store.commit("updateGamemap", data.gamemap);
  }
};

游戏地图生成算法

后端 consumer/utils/Game.java 实现地图生成与连通性检查：

package org.example.backend.consumer.utils;

import java.util.Random;

public class Game {
  private final Integer rows;
  private final Integer cols;
  private final Integer inner_walls_count;
  private final int[][] g;
  private final static int[] dx = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy = {0, 1, 0, -1};

  public Game(Integer rows, Integer cols, Integer inner_walls_count) {
    this.rows = rows;
    this.cols = cols;
    this.inner_walls_count = inner_walls_count;
    this.g = new int[rows][cols];
  }

  public int[][] getG() {
    return g;
  }

  private boolean check_connectivity(int sx, int sy, int tx, int ty) {
    if (sx == tx && sy == ty) return true;
    g[sx][sy] = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      int x = sx + dx[i], y = sy + dy[i];
      if (x >= 0 && x < this.rows && y >= 0 && y < this.cols && g[x][y] == 0) {
        if (check_connectivity(x, y, tx, ty)) {
          g[sx][sy] = 0;
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    g[sx][sy] = 0;
    return false;
  }

  private boolean draw() {
    for (int i = 0; i < this.rows; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < this.cols; j++) {
        g[i][j] = 0;
      }
    }
    for (int r = 0; r < this.rows; r++) {
      g[r][0] = g[r][this.cols - 1] = 1;
    }
    for (int c = 0; c < this.cols; c++) {
      g[0][c] = g[this.rows - 1][c] = 1;
    }
    Random random = new Random();
    for (int i = 0; i < this.inner_walls_count / 2; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
        int r = random.nextInt(this.rows);
        int c = random.nextInt(this.cols);
        if (g[r][c] == 1 || g[this.rows - 1 - r][this.cols - 1 - c] == 1) continue;
        if (r == this.rows - 2 && c == 1 || r == 1 && c == this.cols - 2) continue;
        g[r][c] = g[this.rows - 1 - r][this.cols - 1 - c] = 1;
        break;
      }
    }
    return check_connectivity(this.rows - 2, 1, 1, this.cols - 2);
  }

  public void createMap() {
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
      if (draw()) break;
    }
  }
}

该算法使用深度优先搜索（DFS）确保地图连通性。

总结

本文介绍了如何使用 Spring Boot 和 Vue 构建基于 WebSocket 的实时游戏匹配系统。前端通过 Vuex 管理状态，利用 WebSocket 与后端保持长连接；后端采用 Java 实现 WebSocket 服务器，结合 JWT 进行身份验证，并使用线程安全集合管理匹配池。双方通过自定义协议交换匹配结果和游戏地图数据，实现了完整的实时对战流程。