Spring MVC + Hibernate + JUnit 4 集成测试实战

Spring MVC + Hibernate + JUnit 4 集成测试实战

在进行持久层开发时，编写单元测试是保证代码质量的关键环节。这里以 Spring 3 MVC 配合 Hibernate 为例，展示如何搭建基于 JUnit 4 的集成测试环境。

依赖准备

首先确保项目中引入了必要的测试库，主要是 spring-test.jar 和 junit4.jar。这是运行 Spring 上下文加载的基础。

核心注解解析

测试类通常继承自 SpringJUnit4ClassRunner，这样 Spring 容器会在测试开始前初始化。关键注解包括：

• @ContextConfiguration：指定配置文件路径，通常是 classpath:applicationContext.xml。
• @Transactional：开启事务支持，配合 defaultRollback=true，测试结束后数据会自动回滚，避免污染数据库。
• @Resource：按名称注入所需的 Manager 或服务 Bean。

测试代码实现

下面是一个典型的 DAO 测试类结构，包含了部门、员工及企业信息的同步逻辑测试。注意观察事务回滚的配置以及具体的业务方法调用。

package com.partner.dao.test;

import java.util.List;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Before;  
import org.junit.Test;  
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;  
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;  
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;  
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;  
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.partner.core.entity.Company;  
import com.partner.core.entity.Department;  
import com.partner.core.entity.Employee;  
import com.partner.core.manager.CompanyManager;  
import com.partner.core.manager.DepartmentManager;  
import com.partner.core.manager.EmployeeManager;  
import com.partner.core.service.impl.AuthorizationServiceImpl;

@Transactional  
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager="tm",defaultRollback=true)//设置测试成功之后数据是否回滚  
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  
  
   {  
  
    
   DepartmentManager departmentManager;  
  
    
   EmployeeManager employeeManager;  
  
    
   CompanyManager companyManager;  
  
    
   AuthorizationServiceImpl authorizationServiceImpl;  
  
  
     
      Exception{   
  
  }  
  
    {  
    
   List<Department> depts = departmentManager.getDepartmentsByCompanyIdAndDept_ids(,);  
    
   (Department d:depts){  
    System.out.println(+d.getDept_name());  
   }  
  }  
  
  
    {  
     departmentManager.getDepartment();  
  System.out.println(d.getDept_name());  
  }  
  
    {  
  departmentManager.deleteDepartmentByDeptId(, );  
  }  
  
    {  
  departmentManager.delDepartmentStatus(, );  
  }  
  
    {  
   {  
     departmentManager.getDepartmentByCompanyIdAndDept_id(, );  
  d.setDept_name(d.getDept_name()+);  
  departmentManager.updateDepartment(d);  
  }  (Exception e) {  
  e.printStackTrace();  
  }  
  }  
  
    {  
  List<Employee> employees = employeeManager.getEmployeeBylist();  
  (Employee employee:employees){  
   System.out.println(+employee.getRealname());  
  }  
  }  
  
    {  
  List<Employee> employees = employeeManager.getEmployeeByCompanyIdAndOpenIds(,);  
  (Employee employee:employees){  
   System.out.println(+employee.getRealname());  
  }  
  }  
  
  
    {  
    
   {  
     companyManager.companyByCompany_id();  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  }  (Exception e) {  
  e.printStackTrace();  
  }  
  }  
  
}