【STM32项目开源】基于STM32的智能家居环境监测系统
目录
一、设计背景和意义
1.1设计背景
随着物联网（IoT）、嵌入式系统和云计算等技术的飞速发展，智能家居系统正在逐渐改变人们的生活方式。智能家居不仅仅是简单的远程开关控制，而是向着环境感知、自主判断、智能决策的方向不断演进。特别是在城市化进程加快、生活节奏加快的背景下，用户对生活便捷性、家庭安全性和环境舒适度的要求不断提高，这对智能家居系统的综合感知、智能响应能力提出了更高的要求。
当前市面上的智能家居产品多以分立模块存在，系统功能较为单一，往往只能实现某一方面的控制，比如智能照明、温湿度调节、安防监控等，缺乏整体化的环境监测与多条件联动控制能力。同时，许多系统依赖厂商封闭协议，用户扩展性差，缺乏灵活性与个性化调整能力。另外，一些传统系统虽然具备远程控制功能，但仍停留在手动控制层面，无法基于环境数据自主做出决策，自动响应潜在的安全风险。
1.2设计意义
系统不仅支持用户远程手动控制，如开关窗户（由步进电机模拟）、控制声光报警和照明设备，还具备自动模式，可依据传感器数据智能决策。例如，一旦检测到烟雾或一氧化碳超标，系统会立即启动报警器并自动开窗通风，有效降低安全隐患；在夜晚或光照不足时，系统可自动点亮灯光，提升家庭舒适度。这种以数据驱动控制逻辑的智能响应机制，真正实现了从“被动控制”向“主动管理”的转变。
本课题融合了嵌入式系统、物联网通信、自动控制与人机交互等多个知识点，能够全面锻炼学生在软硬件开发、系统集成与工程实践方面的能力。通过对STM32开发平台、传感器数据采集处理、WiFi模块通信协议、云平台接入与APP交互控制等技术的综合应用，提升了理论知识向实际工程转化的能力。
二、实物效果展示
2.1实物图片
2.2实物演示视频
【开源】基于STM32的智能家居环境监测系统
三、硬件功能简介
3.1项目功能详解
1）传感器检测：烟雾浓度、空气质量、一氧化碳、温湿度、光照
2）数据显示：0.96OLED屏幕
3）执行机构：步进电机（窗户、风扇
4）云平台：通过ESP8266 WIFI联网后，接入机智云平台
5）App监控：App远程监控数据，控制执行机构
6）数据设定：按键或APP设定阈值，切换模式
7）手动模式：通过手机App实现控制窗户、风扇开关
8）自动模式：根据设定的烟雾、一氧化碳、空气质量阈值等超过阈值自动开启声光报警、打开窗户通风
3.2元器件清单
- 主控ST,M32F103C8T6
- 0.96OLED显示屏幕
- ESP8266联网WiFi
- DHT11温湿度传感器
- MQ-2烟雾传感器
- MQ-7一氧化碳传感器
- MQ-135空气质量传感器
- 光敏电阻
- 风扇
- 步进电机
- 蜂鸣器声光报警
四、主框图与软件流程图
主框图
流程图
五、硬件PCB展示
六、软件程序设计
u32 STM32_xx0=0X4E4C4A; u32 STM32_xx1=0X364B1322; u32 STM32_xx2=0X132D13 ; #define FLASH_SAVE_ADDR 0x08010000 u8 buff[30];//参数显示缓存数组 u8 count; dataPoint_t currentDataPoint;//云端数据点 u8 wifi_sta;//wifi连接状态标志 u8 mode=0;//模式控制自动和手动 u8 NTP_sta=0;//网诺时间获取状态 u8 display_contrl=0; u8 curtain_flag=0; u8 last_curtain_flag=0; extern u8 DHT11_Temp,DHT11_Hum; //温湿度 u16 Pre; //气压检测值 u16 gz_value; //光照检测值 u16 m2_value; //烟雾检测值 u16 m7_value; //一氧化碳检测值 u16 m135_value; //空气质量检测值 u16 A_DHT11_Temp=35; //温度阈值 高于阈值时报警 u16 A_DHT11_Hum=20; //湿度阈值 低于阈值时报警 u16 A_pre=1500; //气压阈值 低于阈值时报警 u16 A_gz_value=1000; //光照强度阈值 低于阈值时打开窗帘和照明灯 u16 A_m2_value=4000; //烟雾阈值 高于阈值时报警 u16 A_m7_value=4000; //一氧化碳阈值 高于阈值时报警 u16 A_m135_value=1500; //空气质量阈值 低于阈值时报警 void Gizwits_Init(void) { TIM3_Int_Init(9,7199);//1MS系统定时 usart3_init(9600);//WIFI初始化 memset((uint8_t*)¤tDataPoint, 0, sizeof(dataPoint_t));//设备状态结构体初始化 gizwitsInit();//缓冲区初始化 } //数据采集 void userHandle(void) { currentDataPoint.valueLED=!LED0; currentDataPoint.valueCurtain=curtain_flag; currentDataPoint.valueTemp=DHT11_Temp; currentDataPoint.valueHum=DHT11_Hum; currentDataPoint.valuePre=Pre; currentDataPoint.valueGZ_Value=gz_value; currentDataPoint.valueMQ2_Value=m2_value; currentDataPoint.valueMQ7_Value=m7_value; currentDataPoint.valueMQ135_Value=m135_value; } void Get_Data(u16 count);//获取传感器数据 void WIFI_Contection(u8 key);//WiFi连接控制 void Canshu_Change(u8 key);//系统参数调节 void Mode_Change(u8 key);//模式切换 void BUJING_Cotrol(u8 mode,u16 time,u16 count); int main(void) { u8 t=0; int key_value; //按键值 uart_init(115200); //串口初始化为115200 delay_init(); //延时函数初始化 NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);//设置中断优先级分组为组2：2位抢占优先级，2位响应优先级 Adc1_Channe_Init(); //ADC通道初始化 KEY_Init(); //按键引脚初始化 bmp280Init(); while(DHT11_Init()); LED_Init(); //初始化与LED连接的硬件接口 OLED_Init(); //OLED初始化 OLED_Clear(); //OLED清屏 Gizwits_Init(); BEEP = 0; while(1) { Get_Data(0); if(gz_value<=A_gz_value&&mode==0) { LED0=0;curtain_flag=0; }else if(gz_value>A_gz_value&&mode==0){ LED0=1;curtain_flag=1; } if(last_curtain_flag!=curtain_flag&&mode==0) { BUJING_Cotrol(curtain_flag,3,270); last_curtain_flag = curtain_flag; } if(last_curtain_flag!=currentDataPoint.valueCurtain&&mode==1) { BUJING_Cotrol(currentDataPoint.valueCurtain,3,270); curtain_flag = currentDataPoint.valueCurtain; last_curtain_flag = currentDataPoint.valueCurtain; } if(mode==1) { LED0=!currentDataPoint.valueLED; } if(DHT11_Temp>=A_DHT11_Temp||DHT11_Hum<=A_DHT11_Hum||Pre>=A_pre||m135_value<=A_m135_value||m2_value>=A_m2_value||m7_value>=A_m7_value){ //BEEP=!BEEP; }else BEEP = 0; key_value = KEY_Scan(0); if(key_value==4) { display_contrl++; } if(display_contrl%2==0&&t>=10) { OLED_ShowCHinese(0,0,0); OLED_ShowCHinese(16,0,2); sprintf((char*)buff,":%2dC",DHT11_Temp); OLED_ShowString(32,0,buff,16); //显示温度 OLED_ShowCHinese(64,0,1); OLED_ShowCHinese(82,0,2); sprintf((char*)buff,":%2d%%",DHT11_Hum); OLED_ShowString(96,0,buff,16);//显示湿度 OLED_ShowCHinese(0,2,3); OLED_ShowCHinese(16,2,4); sprintf((char*)buff,":%2dhpa ",Pre); OLED_ShowString(32,2,buff,16);//显示气压 OLED_ShowCHinese(0,4,5); OLED_ShowCHinese(16,4,6); OLED_ShowCHinese(32,4,7); OLED_ShowCHinese(48,4,8); sprintf((char*)buff,":%4dppm",gz_value); OLED_ShowString(64,4,buff,16);//显示光照强度 OLED_ShowCHinese(0,6,21); OLED_ShowCHinese(16,6,22); OLED_ShowCHinese(32,6,23); OLED_ShowCHinese(48,6,24); //sprintf((char*)buff,":%4dppm",m135_value); //OLED_ShowString(64,6,buff,16);//显示空气质量 OLED_ShowString(64,6,":",16); }else if(display_contrl%2==1&&t>=10) { OLED_ShowCHinese(0,0,13); OLED_ShowCHinese(16,0,14); OLED_ShowCHinese(32,0,15); OLED_ShowCHinese(48,0,16); sprintf((char*)buff,":%4dppm",m2_value); OLED_ShowString(64,0,buff,16);//显示M2数据 OLED_ShowCHinese(0,2,17); OLED_ShowCHinese(16,2,18); OLED_ShowCHinese(32,2,19); OLED_ShowCHinese(48,2,20); sprintf((char*)buff,":%4dppm",m7_value); OLED_ShowString(64,2,buff,16);//显示M7数据 OLED_ShowCHinese(0,4,5); OLED_ShowCHinese(16,4,6); OLED_ShowCHinese(32,4,7); OLED_ShowCHinese(48,4,8); sprintf((char*)buff,":%4dppm",gz_value); OLED_ShowString(64,4,buff,16);//显示光照强度 OLED_ShowCHinese(0,6,21); OLED_ShowCHinese(16,6,22); OLED_ShowCHinese(32,6,23); OLED_ShowCHinese(48,6,24); } if(t>10){ if(m135_value>100){ OLED_ShowCHinese(80,6,23);//有人 OLED_ShowCHinese(96,6,24); BEEP=!BEEP; //报警 }else{ OLED_ShowCHinese(80,6,25);//无人 OLED_ShowCHinese(96,6,24); BEEP = 0; } } userHandle(); //用户数据采集 WIFI_Contection(key_value);//WiFi连接控制 gizwitsHandle((dataPoint_t *)¤tDataPoint);//机智云协议处理 Canshu_Change(key_value); t++; delay_ms(100); } } void WIFI_Contection(u8 key)//WiFi连接控制 { if(key==2) { printf("WIFI进入AirLink连接模式\r\n"); gizwitsSetMode(WIFI_AIRLINK_MODE);//Air-link模式接入 } if(key==3) { printf("WIFI复位，请重新配置连接\r\n"); gizwitsSetMode(WIFI_RESET_MODE);//WIFI复位 } } void Canshu_Change(u8 key) { u8 obj=7; if(key==1) { BEEP=0;OLED_Clear(); while(1){ key = KEY_Scan(0); if(key==1){ obj++; if(obj>=8)obj=0; } sprintf((char *)buff,"Working md:%4d",mode); OLED_ShowString(8,0,buff,12); sprintf((char *)buff,"A_Temp :%4d",A_DHT11_Temp); OLED_ShowString(8,1,buff,12); sprintf((char *)buff,"A_Hum :%4d",A_DHT11_Hum); OLED_ShowString(8,2,buff,12); sprintf((char *)buff,"A_pre :%4d",A_pre); OLED_ShowString(8,3,buff,12); sprintf((char *)buff,"A_gz_val :%4d",A_gz_value); OLED_ShowString(8,4,buff,12); sprintf((char *)buff,"A_m2_val :%4d",A_m2_value); OLED_ShowString(8,5,buff,12); sprintf((char *)buff,"A_m7_val :%4d",A_m7_value); OLED_ShowString(8,6,buff,12); sprintf((char *)buff,"A_m135_val:%4d",A_m135_value); OLED_ShowString(8,7,buff,12); if(obj==0){ OLED_ShowString(0,0," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,1,">",12); OLED_ShowString(0,2," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,3," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,4," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,5," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,6," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,7," ",12); } if(obj==1){ OLED_ShowString(0,0," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,1," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,2,">",12);OLED_ShowString(0,3," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,4," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,5," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,6," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,7," ",12); } if(obj==2){ OLED_ShowString(0,0," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,1," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,2," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,3,">",12); OLED_ShowString(0,4," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,5," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,6," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,7," ",12); } if(obj==3){ OLED_ShowString(0,0," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,1," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,2," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,3," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,4,">",12);OLED_ShowString(0,5," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,6," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,7," ",12); } if(obj==4){ OLED_ShowString(0,0," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,1," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,2," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,3," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,4," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,5,">",12); OLED_ShowString(0,6," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,7," ",12); } if(obj==5){ OLED_ShowString(0,0," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,1," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,2," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,3," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,4," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,5," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,6,">",12);OLED_ShowString(0,7," ",12); } if(obj==6){ OLED_ShowString(0,0," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,1," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,2," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,3," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,4," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,5," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,6," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,7,">",12); } if(obj==7){ OLED_ShowString(0,0,">",12);OLED_ShowString(0,1," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,2," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,3," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,4," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,5," ",12); OLED_ShowString(0,6," ",12);OLED_ShowString(0,7," ",12); } if(obj==0){ if(key==3)A_DHT11_Temp+=1; if(key==2)A_DHT11_Temp-=1; } if(obj==1){ if(key==3)A_DHT11_Hum+=1; if(key==2)A_DHT11_Hum-=1; } if(obj==2){ if(key==3)A_pre+=20; if(key==2)A_pre-=20; } if(obj==3){ if(key==3)A_gz_value+=50; if(key==2)A_gz_value-=50; } if(obj==4){ if(key==3)A_m2_value+=50; if(key==2)A_m2_value-=50; } if(obj==5){ if(key==3)A_m7_value+=50; if(key==2)A_m7_value-=50; } if(obj==6){ if(key==3)A_m135_value+=50; if(key==2)A_m135_value-=50; } if(obj==7){ if(key==3)mode+=1; if(key==2)mode-=1; if(mode >= 2) mode = 0; } if(key==4){ OLED_Clear(); break; } } } } void Get_Data(u16 count)//获取传感器数据 { static float bmp280_press,bmp280; //气压 DHT11_Read_Data(&DHT11_Temp,&DHT11_Hum); bmp280GetData(&bmp280_press,&bmp280,&bmp280); Pre = bmp280_press; gz_value = 4096 - get_Adc_Value(0x04); m2_value = get_Adc_Value(0x07); m7_value = get_Adc_Value(0x05); m135_value = 4096 - get_Adc_Value(0x06); } void BUJING_Cotrol(u8 mode,u16 time,u16 count) { if(mode==0) { while(count--) { BUJ1=1; BUJ2=0; BUJ3=0;BUJ4=0; delay_ms(time); BUJ1=0; BUJ2=1; BUJ3=0;BUJ4=0; delay_ms(time); BUJ1=0; BUJ2=0; BUJ3=1;BUJ4=0; delay_ms(time); BUJ1=0; BUJ2=0; BUJ3=0;BUJ4=1; delay_ms(time); } } if(mode==1) { while(count--) { BUJ1=0; BUJ2=0; BUJ3=0;BUJ4=1; delay_ms(time); BUJ1=0; BUJ2=0; BUJ3=1;BUJ4=0; delay_ms(time); BUJ1=0; BUJ2=1; BUJ3=0;BUJ4=0; delay_ms(time); BUJ1=1; BUJ2=0; BUJ3=0;BUJ4=0; delay_ms(time); } } } 七、项目资料包内容
