Python 使用 Turtle 库绘制十种图形示例

3、国旗

from turtle import *

screensize(2000, 2000, 'white')  # 设置画布大小
speed(9)
# 绘制旗面
pencolor('red')
# pu()
goto(-300, -200)
pd()
fillcolor('red')
begin_fill()
for i in range(0, 2):
    fd(600)
    lt(90)
    fd(400)
    lt(90)
end_fill()


# 绘制大五角星
pu()
pencolor('yellow')
goto(-260, 120)
pd()
fillcolor('yellow')
begin_fill()
for i in range(0, 5):
    fd(113.137)  # 大星一划的边长
    rt(144)
end_fill()

# 绘制四个小五角星
list1 = [(-100, 160), (-60, 120), (-60, 60), (-100, 20)]  # 四个五角星的中心坐标
list2 = [31.98, 8.13, -15.59, -38.66]  # 相对角度 0 的后退 1.111 需要左转的角度

for j in range(0, 4):
    seth(0)  # 这是龟头角度为 0
    pu()
    goto(list1[j])  # 定位到五角星中心
    lt(list2[j])  # 旋转角度，以背向指向大五角星的角尖
    bk(20)  # 从五角星中心到指向大五角星的角尖（龟倒着爬)退一个小圆半径
    lt(18)  # 五角星的半角角度
    pd()
    begin_fill()
    for i in range(0, 5):
        fd(113.137 / 3)  # 小星一划的边长
        rt(144)
    end_fill()
pu()
ht()
done()

4、玫瑰花

import turtle
import time
turtle.speed(5)
# 设置初始位置  
turtle.penup()  
turtle.left(90)  
turtle.fd(200)  
turtle.pendown()  
turtle.right(90)
# 花蕊 
turtle.fillcolor("red")  
turtle.begin_fill()  
turtle.circle(10,180)  
turtle.circle(25,110)  
turtle.left(50)  
turtle.circle(60,45)  
turtle.circle(20,170)  
turtle.right(24)  
turtle.fd(30)  
turtle.left(10)  
turtle.circle(30,110)  
turtle.fd(20)  
turtle.left(40)  
turtle.circle(90,70)  
turtle.circle(30,150)  
turtle.right(30)  
turtle.fd(15)  
turtle.circle(80,90)  
turtle.left(15)  
turtle.fd(45)  
turtle.right(165)  
turtle.fd(20)  
turtle.left(155)  
turtle.circle(150,80)  
turtle.left(50)  
turtle.circle(150,90)  
turtle.end_fill()  

# 花瓣 1  
turtle.left(150)  
turtle.circle(-90,70)  
turtle.left(20)  
turtle.circle(75,105)  
turtle.setheading(60)  
turtle.circle(80,98)  
turtle.circle(-90,40)  

# 花瓣 2  
turtle.left(180)  
turtle.circle(90,40)  
turtle.circle(-80,98)  
turtle.setheading(-83)  

# 叶子 1  
turtle.fd(30)  
turtle.left(90)  
turtle.fd(25)  
turtle.left(45)  
turtle.fillcolor("green")  
turtle.begin_fill()  
turtle.circle(-80,90)  
turtle.right(90)  
turtle.circle(-80,90)  
turtle.end_fill()  
turtle.right(135)  
turtle.fd(60)  
turtle.left(180)  
turtle.fd(85)  
turtle.left(90)  
turtle.fd(80)  

# 叶子 2  
turtle.right(90)  
turtle.right(45)  
turtle.fillcolor("green")  
turtle.begin_fill()  
turtle.circle(80,90)  
turtle.left(90)  
turtle.circle(80,90)  
turtle.end_fill()  
turtle.left(135)  
turtle.fd(60)  
turtle.left(180)  
turtle.fd(60)  
turtle.right(90)  
turtle.circle(200,60) 
turtle.done()

5、彩色树

# 这个比较复杂，画的时间较长

from turtle import *
# 设置色彩模式是 RGB:
colormode(255)
lt(90)
lv = 14
l = 120
s = 45
width(lv)
# 初始化 RGB 颜色:
r = 0
g = 0
b = 0
pencolor(r, g, b)
penup()
bk(l)
pendown()
fd(l)
def draw_tree(l, level):
    global r, g, b
    # save the current pen width
    w = width()
    # narrow the pen width
    width(w * 3.0 / 4.0)
    # set color:
    r = r + 1
    g = g + 2
    b = b + 3
    pencolor(r % 200, g % 200, b % 200)
    l = 3.0 / 4.0 * l
    lt(s)
    fd(l)
    if level < lv:
        draw_tree(l, level + 1)
    bk(l)
    rt(2 * s)
    fd(l)
    if level < lv:
        draw_tree(l, level + 1)
    bk(l)
    lt(s)
    # restore the previous pen width
    width(w)
speed("fastest")
draw_tree(l, 4)
done()

6、随机樱花树

# 每次运行 树的形状是随机的
import turtle as T
import random
import time

# 画樱花的躯干 (60,t)
def Tree(branch, t):
    time.sleep(0.0005)
    if branch > 3:
        if 8 <= branch <= 12:
            if random.randint(0, 2) == 0:
                t.color('snow')  # 白
            else:
                t.color('lightcoral')  # 淡珊瑚色
            t.pensize(branch / 3)
        elif branch < 8:
            if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
                t.color('snow')
            else:
                t.color('lightcoral')  # 淡珊瑚色
            t.pensize(branch / 2)
        else:
            t.color('sienna')  # 赭 (zhě) 色
            t.pensize(branch / 10)  # 6
        t.forward(branch)
        a = 1.5 * random.random()
        t.right(20 * a)
        b = 1.5 * random.random()
        Tree(branch - 10 * b, t)
        t.left(40 * a)
        Tree(branch - 10 * b, t)
        t.right(20 * a)
        t.up()
        t.backward(branch)
        t.down()

# 掉落的花瓣
def Petal(m, t):
    for i in range(m):
        a = 200 - 400 * random.random()
        b = 10 - 20 * random.random()
        t.up()
        t.forward(b)
        t.left(90)
        t.forward(a)
        t.down()
        t.color('lightcoral')  # 淡珊瑚色
        t.circle(1)
        t.up()
        t.backward(a)
        t.right(90)
        t.backward(b)

# 绘图区域
t = T.Turtle()
# 画布大小
w = T.Screen()
t.hideturtle()  # 隐藏画笔
t.getscreen().tracer(5, 0)
w.screensize(bg='wheat')  # wheat 小麦
t.left(90)
t.up()
t.backward(150)
t.down()
t.color('sienna')

# 画樱花的躯干
Tree(60, t)
# 掉落的花瓣
Petal(200, t)
w.exitonclick()
T.done()

7、表白树

import random
import turtle
def love(x, y):  # 在 (x,y) 处画爱心 lala
    lv = turtle.Turtle()
    lv.hideturtle()
    lv.up()
    lv.goto(x, y)  # 定位到 (x,y)
 
    def curvemove():  # 画圆弧
        for i in range(20):
            lv.right(10)
            lv.forward(2)
 
    lv.color('red', 'pink')
    lv.speed(0)
    lv.pensize(1)
    # 开始画爱心 lala
    lv.down()
    lv.begin_fill()
    lv.left(140)
    lv.forward(22)
    curvemove()
    lv.left(120)
    curvemove()
    lv.forward(22)
    lv.write("{}".format("他 - 她"), font=("Arial", 10, "normal"), align="center")
    lv.left(140)  # 画完复位
    lv.end_fill()
 

def tree(branchLen, t):
    if branchLen > 5:  # 剩余树枝太少要结束递归
        if branchLen < 20:  # 如果树枝剩余长度较短则变绿
            t.color("green")
            t.pensize(random.uniform((branchLen + 5) / 4 - 2, (branchLen + 6) / 4 + 5))
            t.down()
            t.forward(branchLen)
            love(t.xcor(), t.ycor())  # 传输现在 turtle 的坐标
            t.up()
            t.backward(branchLen)
            t.color("brown")
            return
        t.pensize(random.uniform((branchLen + 5) / 4 - 2, (branchLen + 6) / 4 + 5))
        t.down()
        t.forward(branchLen)
        # 以下递归
        ang = random.uniform(15, 45)
        t.right(ang)
        tree(branchLen - random.uniform(12, 16), t)  # 随机决定减小长度
        t.left(2 * ang)
        tree(branchLen - random.uniform(12, 16), t)  # 随机决定减小长度
        t.right(ang)
        t.up()
        t.backward(branchLen)
 

def Fonts():
    t.penup()
    t.goto(-500, -300)
    t.pencolor('black')
    t.write("余生的快乐希望与你一起！^_^", font=('方正行黑简体', 30, 'normal'))
myWin = turtle.Screen()
t = turtle.Turtle()
t.hideturtle()
t.speed(0)
t.left(90)
t.up()
t.backward(200)
t.down()
t.color("brown")
t.pensize(32)
t.forward(60)
tree(100, t)
Fonts()
myWin.exitonclick()

8、圆舞曲

from turtle import *

def stop():
    global running
    running = False

def main():
    global running
    clearscreen()
    bgcolor("gray10")
    tracer(False)
    shape("triangle")
    f =   0.793402
    phi = 9.064678
    s = 5
    c = 1
    # create compound shape
    sh = Shape("compound")
    for i in range(10):
        shapesize(s)
        p =get_shapepoly()
        s *= f
        c *= f
        tilt(-phi)
        sh.addcomponent(p, (c, 0.25, 1-c), "black")
    register_shape("multitri", sh)
    # create dancers
    shapesize(1)
    shape("multitri")
    pu()
    setpos(0, -200)
    dancers = []
    for i in range(180):
        fd(7)
        tilt(-4)
        lt(2)
        update()
        if i % 12 == 0:
            dancers.append(clone())
    home()
    # dance
    running = True
    onkeypress(stop)
    listen()
    cs = 1
    while running:
        ta = -4
        for dancer in dancers:
            dancer.fd(7)
            dancer.lt(2)
            dancer.tilt(ta)
            ta = -4 if ta > 0 else 2
        if cs < 180:
            right(4)
            shapesize(cs)
            cs *= 1.005
        update()
    return "DONE!"

if __name__=='__main__':
    print(main())
    mainloop()
    

9、哆啦 A 梦

import turtle


def flyTo(x, y):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(x, y)
    turtle.pendown()
def drawEye():
    turtle.tracer(False)
    a = 2.5
    for i in range(120):
        if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i < 90:
            a -= 0.05
        else:
            a += 0.05
        turtle.left(3)
        turtle.fd(a)
    turtle.tracer(True)
def beard():
    """ 画胡子，一共六根
    """
    # 左边第一根胡子
    flyTo(-37, 135)
    turtle.seth(165)
    turtle.fd(60)
    # 左边第二根胡子
    flyTo(-37, 125)
    turtle.seth(180)
    turtle.fd(60)
    # 左边第三根胡子
    flyTo(-37, 115)
    turtle.seth(193)
    turtle.fd(60)
    # 右边第一根胡子
    flyTo(37, 135)
    turtle.seth(15)
    turtle.fd(60)
    # 右边第二根胡子
    flyTo(37, 125)
    turtle.seth(0)
    turtle.fd(60)
    # 右边第三根胡子
    flyTo(37, 115)
    turtle.seth(-13)
    turtle.fd(60)
def drawRedScarf():
    """ 画围巾
    """
    turtle.fillcolor("red")  # 填充颜色
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.seth(0)  # 朝向右
    turtle.fd(200)  # 前进 10 个单位
    turtle.circle(-5, 90)
    turtle.fd(10)
    turtle.circle(-5, 90)
    turtle.fd(207)
    turtle.circle(-5, 90)
    turtle.fd(10)
    turtle.circle(-5, 90)
    turtle.end_fill()
def drawMouse():
    flyTo(5, 148)
    turtle.seth(270)
    turtle.fd(100)
    turtle.seth(0)
    turtle.circle(120, 50)
    turtle.seth(230)
    turtle.circle(-120, 100)
def drawRedNose():
    flyTo(-10, 158)
    turtle.fillcolor("red")  # 填充颜色
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(20)
    turtle.end_fill()
def drawBlackdrawEye():
    turtle.seth(0)
    flyTo(-20, 195)
    turtle.fillcolor("#000000")  # 填充颜色
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(13)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.pensize(6)
    flyTo(20, 205)
    turtle.seth(75)
    turtle.circle(-10, 150)
    turtle.pensize(3)
    flyTo(-17, 200)
    turtle.seth(0)
    turtle.fillcolor("#ffffff")
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(5)
    turtle.end_fill()
    flyTo(0, 0)
def drawFace():
    turtle.forward(183)  # 前行 183 个单位
    turtle.fillcolor("white")  # 填充颜色为白色
    turtle.begin_fill()  # 开始填充
    turtle.left(45)  # 左转 45 度
    turtle.circle(120, 100)  # 右边那半边脸
    turtle.seth(90)  # 朝向向上
    drawEye()  # 画右眼睛
    turtle.seth(180)  # 朝向左
    turtle.penup()  # 抬笔
    turtle.fd(60)  # 前行 60
    turtle.pendown()  # 落笔
    turtle.seth(90)  # 朝向上
    drawEye()  # 画左眼睛
    turtle.penup()  # 抬笔
    turtle.seth(180)  # 朝向左
    turtle.fd(64)  # 前进 64
    turtle.pendown()  # 落笔
    turtle.seth(215)  # 修改朝向
    turtle.circle(120, 100)  # 左边那半边脸
    turtle.end_fill()  #
def drawHead():
    """ 画了一个被切掉下半部分的圆
    """
    turtle.penup()  # 抬笔
    turtle.circle(150, 40)  # 画圆，半径 150，圆周角 40
    turtle.pendown()  # 落笔
    turtle.fillcolor("#00a0de")  # 填充色
    turtle.begin_fill()  # 开始填充
    turtle.circle(150, 280)  # 画圆，半径 150，圆周角 280
    turtle.end_fill()
def drawAll():
    drawHead()
    drawRedScarf()
    drawFace()
    drawRedNose()
    drawMouse()
    beard()
    flyTo(0, 0)
    turtle.seth(0)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.circle(150, 50)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.seth(30)
    turtle.fd(40)
    turtle.seth(70)
    turtle.circle(-30, 270)
    turtle.fillcolor("#00a0de")
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.seth(230)
    turtle.fd(80)
    turtle.seth(90)
    turtle.circle(1000, 1)
    turtle.seth(-89)
    turtle.circle(-1000, 10)
    turtle.seth(180)
    turtle.fd(70)
    turtle.seth(90)
    turtle.circle(30, 180)
    turtle.seth(180)
    turtle.fd(70)
    turtle.seth(100)
    turtle.circle(-1000, 9)
    turtle.seth(-86)
    turtle.circle(1000, 2)
    turtle.seth(230)
    turtle.fd(40)
    turtle.circle(-30, 230)
    turtle.seth(45)
    turtle.fd(81)
    turtle.seth(0)
    turtle.fd(203)
    turtle.circle(5, 90)
    turtle.fd(10)
    turtle.circle(5, 90)
    turtle.fd(7)
    turtle.seth(40)
    turtle.circle(150, 10)
    turtle.seth(30)
    turtle.fd(40)
    turtle.end_fill()
    # 左手
    turtle.seth(70)
    turtle.fillcolor("#FFFFFF")
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(-30)
    turtle.end_fill()
    # 脚
    flyTo(103.74, -182.59)
    turtle.seth(0)
    turtle.fillcolor("#FFFFFF")
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fd(15)
    turtle.circle(-15, 180)
    turtle.fd(90)
    turtle.circle(-15, 180)
    turtle.fd(10)
    turtle.end_fill()
    flyTo(-96.26, -182.59)
    turtle.seth(180)
    turtle.fillcolor("#FFFFFF")
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fd(15)
    turtle.circle(15, 180)
    turtle.fd(90)
    turtle.circle(15, 180)
    turtle.fd(10)
    turtle.end_fill()
    # 右手
    flyTo(-133.97, -91.81)
    turtle.seth(50)
    turtle.fillcolor("#FFFFFF")
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(30)
    turtle.end_fill()
    # 口袋
    flyTo(-103.42, 15.09)
    turtle.seth(0)
    turtle.fd(38)
    turtle.seth(230)
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(90, 260)
    turtle.end_fill()
    flyTo(5, -40)
    turtle.seth(0)
    turtle.fd(70)
    turtle.seth(-90)
    turtle.circle(-70, 180)
    turtle.seth(0)
    turtle.fd(70)
    # 铃铛
    flyTo(-103.42, 15.09)
    turtle.fd(90)
    turtle.seth(70)
    turtle.fillcolor("#ffd200")
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(-20)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.seth(170)
    turtle.fillcolor("#ffd200")
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.circle(-2, 180)
    turtle.seth(10)
    turtle.circle(-100, 22)
    turtle.circle(-2, 180)
    turtle.seth(180 - 10)
    turtle.circle(100, 22)
    turtle.end_fill()
    flyTo(-13.42, 15.09)
    turtle.seth(250)
    turtle.circle(20, 110)
    turtle.seth(90)
    turtle.fd(15)
    turtle.dot(10)
    flyTo(0, -150)
    drawBlackdrawEye()
def main():
    turtle.screensize(800, 6000, "#F0F0F0")
    turtle.pensize(3)
    turtle.speed(9)
    drawAll()
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
    turtle.mainloop()

10、时钟

import turtle
from datetime import *

# 抬起画笔，向前运动一段距离放下
def Skip(step):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.forward(step)
    turtle.pendown()


def mkHand(name, length):
    # 注册 Turtle 形状，建立表针 Turtle
    turtle.reset()
    Skip(-length * 0.1)
    # 开始记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的第一个顶点。
    turtle.begin_poly()
    turtle.forward(length * 1.1)
    # 停止记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的最后一个顶点。将与第一个顶点相连。
    turtle.end_poly()
    # 返回最后记录的多边形。
    handForm = turtle.get_poly()
    turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)


def Init():
    global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer
    # 重置 Turtle 指向北
    turtle.mode("logo")
    # 建立三个表针 Turtle 并初始化
    mkHand("secHand", 135)
    mkHand("minHand", 125)
    mkHand("hurHand", 90)
    secHand = turtle.Turtle()
    secHand.shape("secHand")
    minHand = turtle.Turtle()
    minHand.shape("minHand")
    hurHand = turtle.Turtle()
    hurHand.shape("hurHand")

    for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:
        hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
        hand.speed(0)

    # 建立输出文字 Turtle
    printer = turtle.Turtle()
    # 隐藏画笔的 turtle 形状
    printer.hideturtle()
    printer.penup()


def SetupClock(radius):
    # 建立表的外框
    turtle.reset()
    turtle.pensize(7)
    for i in range(60):
        Skip(radius)
        if i % 5 == 0:
            turtle.forward(20)
            Skip(-radius - 20)

            Skip(radius + 20)
            if i == 0:
                turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            elif i == 30:
                Skip(25)
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
                Skip(-25)
            elif (i == 25 or i == 35):
                Skip(20)
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
                Skip(-20)
            else:
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
            Skip(-radius - 20)
        else:
            turtle.dot(5)
            Skip(-radius)
        turtle.right(6)


def Week(t):
    week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三", "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]
    return week[t.weekday()]


def Date(t):
    y = t.year
    m = t.month
    d = t.day
    return "%s-%d-%d" % (y, m, d)


def Tick():
    # 绘制表针的动态显示
    t = datetime.today()
    second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001
    minute = t.minute + second / 60.0
    hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0
    secHand.setheading(6 * second)
    minHand.setheading(6 * minute)
    hurHand.setheading(30 * hour)

    turtle.tracer(False)
    printer.forward(65)
    printer.write(Week(t), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
    printer.back(130)
    printer.write(Date(t), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))
    printer.home()
    turtle.tracer(True)

    # 100ms 后继续调用 tick
    turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)


def main():
    # 打开/关闭龟动画，并为更新图纸设置延迟。
    turtle.tracer(False)
    Init()
    SetupClock(160)
    turtle.tracer(True)
    Tick()
    turtle.done()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()