Barman安装及备份PostgreSQL
barman特点
零数据丢失备份。保证用户在只有一台备份服务器的情况下达到零数据丢失。
与备份服务器合作。允许备份服务器在与主服务器的流式复制不可用时，从barman获取wal文件。
可靠的监控集成。用于监控和创建有关Barman配置状态的报告。
可并行的备份和恢复。以更快的速度执行拷贝，加快了整个备份和恢复过程。
备份目录。允许用户在同一界面中列出、保留、删除、存档和恢复多个完整备份。
支持多个服务器。允许您从同一位置管理多个服务器的备份和恢复。
存储备份数据。存储来自多个PostgreSQL实例的备份数据，支持不同的版本。
完全热备份。从其他服务器执行PostgreSQL服务器的完全热备份，专门为备份和灾难恢复而设计。
增量备份和恢复。针对新的和修改过的数据生成不同的备份，从而加快处理速度。
保留策略。配置自定义备份保留策略以满足组织的需要。
远程恢复。执行PostgreSQL服务器备份的远程恢复。
Wal文件压缩。自定义归档和压缩WAL文件和备份。
备份信息。生成所有备份的常规和磁盘使用信息。
地理冗余。给DBA和系统管理员为PostgreSQL数据库的灾难恢复解决方案增加另一层保障。
barman安装
192.168.2.2 pg （postgresql server服务器）
192.168.2.3 barman （barman备份服务器）
postgresql版本11.2
barman版本2.9.1
yum安装postgresql
yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/pgdg-centos11-11-2.noarch.rpm yum install -y postgresql11-server-11.2 postgresql11-contrib-11.2 /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-setup initdb #执行数据库初始化 修改postgresql.conf配置
listen_addresses = '*' port = 5432 wal_level = replica #11版本后改为replica archive_mode = on archive_command = 'cp %p /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_archive/%f' max_wal_senders = 10 #建议大于等于3 wal_keep_segments = 64 synchronous_standby_names = '*' hot_standby = on log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y%m%d_%H%M.log' 修改pg_hba.conf配置
local all all trust host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 host all all ::1/128 trust host replication barman 0.0.0.0/0 md5 host replication streaming_barman 0.0.0.0/0 md5 创建pg_archive，并设置用户组
mkdir /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_archive chown postgres:postgres /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_archive -R 启动postgresql
systemctl enable postgresql-11 systemctl start postgresql-11 创建barman和barman_streaming用户
su postgres createuser -s -P barman #设置密码123456 createuser -P --replication streaming_barman #设置密码123456 #创建.pgpass touch ~/.pgpass #添加 pg:5432:*:streaming_barman:123456 pg:5432:*:barman:123456 #更改权限 chmod 600 ~/.pgpass #验证 psql -c 'SELECT version()' -U barman -h pg postgres yum安装barman
由于barman是python写的，且有些功能需要使用postgresql的工具，安装时会有些依赖
yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/postgresql11-libs-11.2-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/python2-psycopg2-2.8.2-1.rhel7.x86_64.rpm yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/barman-2.9-1.rhel7.noarch.rpm yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7.6-x86_64/barman-cli-2.9-1.rhel7.noarch.rpm 修改barman的公共配置
vi /etc/barman.conf #修改以下配置 parallel_jobs = 2 #并发数 immediate_checkpoint = true #在执行back时是否会自动执行checkpoint network_compression = true #网络传输压缩 修改barman对postgresql server的私有配置
cd /etc/barman.d/ cp streaming-server.conf-template pg.conf #将pg.conf中的[streaming]修改为[pg] 将192.168.2.2 pg添加到/etc/hosts中
barman使用
1.创建复制槽
barman receive-wal --create-slot pg 2.barman check
[root@25ff7df1b128 pg]# barman check pg Server pg: PostgreSQL: OK is_superuser: OK PostgreSQL streaming: OK wal_level: OK replication slot: OK directories: OK retention policy settings: OK backup maximum age: OK (no last_backup_maximum_age provided) compression settings: OK failed backups: OK (there are 0 failed backups) minimum redundancy requirements: FAILED (have 0 backups, expected at least 1) pg_basebackup: OK pg_basebackup compatible: OK pg_basebackup supports tablespaces mapping: OK pg_receivexlog: OK pg_receivexlog compatible: OK receive-wal running: OK archiver errors: OK 其中minimum redundancy requirements: FAILED可忽略，首次配置后还没有全备，执行全备会变为OK
[root@25ff7df1b128 pg]# barman backup pg Starting backup using postgres method for server pg in /var/lib/barman/pg/base/20190821T171724 Backup start at LSN: 0/90000D0 (000000010000000000000009, 000000D0) Starting backup copy via pg_basebackup for 20190821T171724 Copy done (time: 2 seconds) Finalising the backup. This is the first backup for server pg WAL segments preceding the current backup have been found: 000000010000000000000008 from server pg has been removed Backup size: 166.6 MiB Backup end at LSN: 0/B000060 (00000001000000000000000B, 00000060) Backup completed (start time: 2019-08-21 17:17:24.956763, elapsed time: 2 seconds) Processing xlog segments from streaming for pg 000000010000000000000009 00000001000000000000000A 首次配置完会产生minimum redundancy requirements: FAILED、receive-wal running:FAILED，执行barman cron即可变为OK，barman会执行如下过程
[root@25ff7df1b128 pg]# barman cron Starting WAL archiving for server pg Starting streaming archiver for server pg Starting check-backup for backup 20190821T172217 of server pg #正常流复制时的进程 [root@25ff7df1b128 pg]# ps -ef|grep barman root 1278 1 0 17:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python2 /usr/bin/barman -c /etc/barman.conf -q receive-wal pg root 1281 1278 0 17:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/pgsql-11/bin/pg_receivewal --dbname=dbname=replication host=pg options=-cdatestyle=iso replication=true user=streaming_barman application_name=barman_receive_wal --verbose --no-loop --no-password --directory=/var/lib/barman/pg/streaming --slot=barman --synchronous #执行全备时的进程 [root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# ps -ef|grep barman root 1325 1 1 17:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python2 /usr/bin/barman -c /etc/barman.conf -q receive-wal pg root 1327 1325 0 17:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/pgsql-11/bin/pg_receivewal --dbname=dbname=replication host=pg options=-cdatestyle=iso replication=true user=streaming_barman application_name=barman_receive_wal --verbose --no-loop --no-password --directory=/var/lib/barman/pg/streaming --slot=barman --synchronous root 1331 1035 12 17:33 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python2 /usr/bin/barman backup pg root 1334 1331 0 17:33 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/pgsql-11/bin/pg_basebackup --dbname=dbname=replication host=pg options=-cdatestyle=iso replication=true user=streaming_barman application_name=barman_streaming_backup -v --no-password --pgdata=/var/lib/barman/pg/base/20190821T173331/data --no-slot --wal-method=none --checkpoint=fast 所以barman的全备是利用pg_basebackup实现，增量是利用pg_receivewal实现。
barman优点
1.可以与postgresql的master和slaver分离部署，但是barman服务器需要安装postgresql的一些工具，如pg_basebackup、pg_receivewal
2.通过流复制可以同步拉取wal，如果postgresql当前的wal还没close，barman会产生一个.partial文件实时同步，若在恢复时使用该文件需要将扩展后缀去掉
3.barman可以一台服务器管理多个postgresql server，提供本地及远程恢复（远程恢复需要配置ssh免密）
4.提供备份相关文件的检测及详细查询
barman部分功能
1.查看当前复制状态
[root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# barman replication-status pg Status of streaming clients for server 'pg': Current LSN on master: 0/130001A8 Number of streaming clients: 1 1. #1 Sync WAL streamer Application name: barman_receive_wal Sync stage : 3/3 Remote write Communication : TCP/IP IP Address : 192.168.2.3 / Port: 33256 / Host: - User name : streaming_barman Current state : streaming (sync) Replication slot: barman WAL sender PID : 1731 Started at : 2019-08-21 17:33:16.495522+08:00 Sent LSN : 0/130001A8 (diff: 0 B) Write LSN : 0/130001A8 (diff: 0 B) Flush LSN : 0/130001A8 (diff: 0 B) 2.查看备份列表
[root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# barman list-backup pg pg 20190821T173331 - Wed Aug 21 17:33:35 2019 - Size: 294.6 MiB - WAL Size: 0 B - WAITING_FOR_WALS pg 20190821T172217 - Wed Aug 21 17:22:20 2019 - Size: 230.6 MiB - WAL Size: 64.0 MiB pg 20190821T171724 - Wed Aug 21 17:17:27 2019 - Size: 198.6 MiB - WAL Size: 32.0 MiB 3.查看postgresql server
[root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# barman show-server pg Server pg: active: True archive_timeout: 3600 archiver: False archiver_batch_size: 0 backup_directory: /var/lib/barman/pg backup_method: postgres backup_options: BackupOptions(['concurrent_backup']) bandwidth_limit: None barman_home: /var/lib/barman barman_lock_directory: /var/lib/barman basebackup_retry_sleep: 30 basebackup_retry_times: 3 basebackups_directory: /var/lib/barman/pg/base check_timeout: 30 checkpoint_timeout: 300 compression: None config_file: /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/postgresql.conf connection_error: None conninfo: host=pg user=barman dbname=postgres current_size: 23808077 current_xlog: 000000010000000000000015 custom_compression_filter: None custom_decompression_filter: None data_checksums: off data_directory: /var/lib/pgsql/11/data description: Example of PostgreSQL Database (Streaming-Only) disabled: False errors_directory: /var/lib/barman/pg/errors hba_file: /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_hba.conf hot_standby: on ident_file: /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_ident.conf immediate_checkpoint: True incoming_wals_directory: /var/lib/barman/pg/incoming is_in_recovery: False is_superuser: True last_backup_maximum_age: None max_incoming_wals_queue: None max_replication_slots: 10 max_wal_senders: 10 minimum_redundancy: 1 msg_list: [] name: pg network_compression: False parallel_jobs: 1 passive_node: False path_prefix: /usr/pgsql-11/bin pg_basebackup_bwlimit: True pg_basebackup_compatible: True pg_basebackup_installed: True pg_basebackup_path: /usr/pgsql-11/bin/pg_basebackup pg_basebackup_tbls_mapping: True pg_basebackup_version: 11.2 pg_receivexlog_compatible: True pg_receivexlog_installed: True pg_receivexlog_path: /usr/pgsql-11/bin/pg_receivewal pg_receivexlog_supports_slots: True pg_receivexlog_synchronous: True pg_receivexlog_version: 11.2 pgespresso_installed: False post_archive_retry_script: None post_archive_script: None post_backup_retry_script: None post_backup_script: None post_delete_retry_script: None post_delete_script: None post_recovery_retry_script: None post_recovery_script: None post_wal_delete_retry_script: None post_wal_delete_script: None pre_archive_retry_script: None pre_archive_script: None pre_backup_retry_script: None pre_backup_script: None pre_delete_retry_script: None pre_delete_script: None pre_recovery_retry_script: None pre_recovery_script: None pre_wal_delete_retry_script: None pre_wal_delete_script: None primary_ssh_command: None recovery_options: RecoveryOptions([]) replication_slot: Record(slot_name='barman', active=True, restart_lsn='0/150000C8') replication_slot_support: True retention_policy: None retention_policy_mode: auto reuse_backup: None server_txt_version: 11.2 slot_name: barman ssh_command: None streaming: True streaming_archiver: True streaming_archiver_batch_size: 0 streaming_archiver_name: barman_receive_wal streaming_backup_name: barman_streaming_backup streaming_conninfo: host=pg user=streaming_barman streaming_supported: True streaming_wals_directory: /var/lib/barman/pg/streaming synchronous_standby_names: ['*'] systemid: 6727448561719488729 tablespace_bandwidth_limit: None timeline: 1 wal_compression: off wal_level: replica wal_retention_policy: main wals_directory: /var/lib/barman/pg/wals xlog_segment_size: 16777216 xlogpos: 0/150000C8 4.远程执行switch-wal
[root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# barman switch-wal pg The WAL file 000000010000000000000015 has been closed on server 'pg' 5.检查backupid
[root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# barman list-backup pg pg 20190821T174304 - Wed Aug 21 17:43:08 2019 - Size: 326.6 MiB - WAL Size: 0 B - WAITING_FOR_WALS pg 20190821T173331 - Wed Aug 21 17:33:35 2019 - Size: 310.6 MiB - WAL Size: 16.0 MiB - WAITING_FOR_WALS pg 20190821T172217 - Wed Aug 21 17:22:20 2019 - Size: 230.6 MiB - WAL Size: 80.0 MiB pg 20190821T171724 - Wed Aug 21 17:17:27 2019 - Size: 198.6 MiB - WAL Size: 32.0 MiB [root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# barman check-backup pg 20190821T171724 [root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# barman check-backup pg 20190821T171724s ERROR: Unknown backup '20190821T171724s' for server 'pg' 6.查看文件
–target参数包括：
data：列出data目录的所有文件
standalone：列出全备和需要的wal文件
wal：列出全备开始到当前时间的wal文件
full：等于data + wal
[root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# barman list-files --target wal pg 20190821T173331 /var/lib/barman/pg/wals/0000000100000000/000000010000000000000012 /var/lib/barman/pg/wals/0000000100000000/000000010000000000000013 7.备份恢复
#备份恢复 barman recover <server_name> <backup_id> <postgres server data path> #时间点恢复 barman recover <server_name> <backup_id> <postgres server data path> --target-time TARGET_TIME 还提供：--target-xid TARGET_XID、--target-lsn TARGET_LSN、--target-name TARGET_NAME、--target-immediate
8.查看备份详情
[root@25ff7df1b128 ~]# barman show-backup pg 20190821T173331 Backup 20190821T173331: Server Name : pg Status : WAITING_FOR_WALS PostgreSQL Version : 110002 PGDATA directory : /var/lib/pgsql/11/data Base backup information: Disk usage : 294.6 MiB (310.6 MiB with WALs) Incremental size : 294.6 MiB (-0.00%) Timeline : 1 Begin WAL : 000000010000000000000012 End WAL : 000000010000000000000012 WAL number : 1 Begin time : 2019-08-21 17:33:31+08:00 End time : 2019-08-21 17:33:35.321271+08:00 Copy time : 3 seconds Estimated throughput : 75.6 MiB/s Begin Offset : 96 End Offset : 0 Begin LSN : 0/12000060 End LSN : 0/13000000 WAL information: No of files : 1 Disk usage : 16.0 MiB WAL rate : 12.58/hour Last available : 000000010000000000000013 Catalog information: Retention Policy : not enforced Previous Backup : 20190821T172217 Next Backup : 20190821T174304 参考：
