Python Web 框架对比与实战：Django vs Flask vs FastAPI

4. Flask 实战

from flask import Flask, jsonify, request from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy app = Flask(__name__) app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///app.db' db = SQLAlchemy(app) class User(db.Model): id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True) @app.route('/users', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def users(): if request.method == 'POST': user = User(username=request.json['username']) db.session.add(user) db.session.commit() return jsonify({'id': user.id}), 201 users = User.query.all() return jsonify([{'id': u.id, 'username': u.username} for u in users]) 

5. FastAPI 实战

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException from pydantic import BaseModel from typing import List app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float items = [] @app.get("/items", response_model=List[Item]) def get_items(): return items @app.post("/items") def create_item(item: Item): items.append(item) return item @app.get("/items/{item_id}") def get_item(item_id: int): if item_id >= len(items): raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Item not found") return items[item_id] 

6. 性能测试

# 使用 locust 进行压力测试 from locust import HttpUser, task class WebsiteUser(HttpUser): @task def get_items(self): self.client.get("/items") 

7. 结论

• Django：适合大型项目，需要快速开发完整功能
• Flask：适合小型项目，需要灵活性和简洁性
• FastAPI：适合现代 API 开发，需要高性能和自动文档