前端微前端架构：如何避免应用变成巨石应用

解决方案

1. Module Federation

使用 Webpack 5 的 Module Federation 插件实现模块共享。

// webpack.config.js
const { ModuleFederationPlugin } = require('webpack').container;
module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    new ModuleFederationPlugin({
      name: 'host',
      remotes: {
        dashboard: 'dashboard@http://localhost:3001/remoteEntry.js',
        users: 'users@http://localhost:3002/remoteEntry.js',
        products: 'products@http://localhost:3003/remoteEntry.js',
        orders: 'orders@http://localhost:3004/remoteEntry.js',
        settings: 'settings@http://localhost:3005/remoteEntry.js',
      },
      shared: {
        react: { singleton: true, requiredVersion: '^18.2.0' },
        'react-dom': { singleton: true, requiredVersion: '^18.2.0' },
      },
    }),
  ],
};

// 远程应用配置 (dashboard/webpack.config.js)
const { ModuleFederationPlugin } = require('webpack').container;
module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    new ModuleFederationPlugin({
      name: 'dashboard',
      filename: 'remoteEntry.js',
      exposes: {
        './Dashboard': './src/Dashboard',
      },
      shared: {
        react: { singleton: true, requiredVersion: '^18.2.0' },
        'react-dom': { singleton: true, requiredVersion: '^18.2.0' },
      },
    }),
  ],
};

// 主机应用 (App.jsx)
import React, { lazy, Suspense } from 'react';
import Header from './components/Header';
import Sidebar from './components/Sidebar';
const Dashboard = lazy(() => import('dashboard/Dashboard'));
const Users = lazy(() => import('users/Users'));
const Products = lazy(() => import('products/Products'));
const Orders = lazy(() => import('orders/Orders'));
const Settings = lazy(() => import('settings/Settings'));

function App() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Header />
      <div>
        <Sidebar />
        <main>
          <Suspense fallback={<div>加载中...</div>}>
            <Dashboard />
            <Users />
            <Products />
            <Orders />
            <Settings />
          </Suspense>
        </main>
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}
export default App;

2. Single-SPA

基于路由注册多个微应用。

// src/registerApplications.js
import { registerApplication, start } from 'single-spa';
registerApplication({
  name: '@my-org/dashboard',
  app: () => import('@my-org/dashboard'),
  activeWhen: (location) => location.pathname.startsWith('/dashboard'),
});
registerApplication({
  name: '@my-org/users',
  app: () => import('@my-org/users'),
  activeWhen: (location) => location.pathname.startsWith('/users'),
});
registerApplication({
  name: '@my-org/products',
  app: () => import('@my-org/products'),
  activeWhen: (location) => location.pathname.startsWith('/products'),
});
registerApplication({
  name: '@my-org/orders',
  app: () => import('@my-org/orders'),
  activeWhen: (location) => location.pathname.startsWith('/orders'),
});
registerApplication({
  name: '@my-org/settings',
  app: () => import('@my-org/settings'),
  activeWhen: (location) => location.pathname.startsWith('/settings'),
});
start();

// 微应用配置 (packages/dashboard/src/index.js)
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import singleSpaReact from 'single-spa-react';
import Dashboard from './Dashboard';
const lifecycles = singleSpaReact({
  React,
  ReactDOM,
  rootComponent: Dashboard,
  errorBoundary(err, info, props) {
    return <div>应用出错了</div>;
  },
});
export const bootstrap = lifecycles.bootstrap;
export const mount = lifecycles.mount;
export const unmount = lifecycles.unmount;

3. Qiankun

基于单页应用的微前端框架。

// src/main.js
import { registerMicroApps, start } from 'qiankun';
registerMicroApps([
  {
    name: 'dashboard',
    entry: '//localhost:3001',
    container: '#micro-app-container',
    activeRule: '/dashboard',
  },
  {
    name: 'users',
    entry: '//localhost:3002',
    container: '#micro-app-container',
    activeRule: '/users',
  },
  {
    name: 'products',
    entry: '//localhost:3003',
    container: '#micro-app-container',
    activeRule: '/products',
  },
  {
    name: 'orders',
    entry: '//localhost:3004',
    container: '#micro-app-container',
    activeRule: '/orders',
  },
  {
    name: 'settings',
    entry: '//localhost:3005',
    container: '#micro-app-container',
    activeRule: '/settings',
  },
]);
start();

// 主应用 (src/App.jsx)
import React from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';
function App() {
  return (
    <Router>
      <div>
        <nav>
          <Link to="/dashboard">仪表盘</Link>
          <Link to="/users">用户</Link>
          <Link to="/products">产品</Link>
          <Link to="/orders">订单</Link>
          <Link to="/settings">设置</Link>
        </nav>
        <div></div>
      </div>
    </Router>
  );
}
export default App;

// 微应用配置 (packages/dashboard/src/main.js)
import { createApp } from 'vue';
import App from './App.vue';
import router from './router';
let instance = null;
function render(props) {
  const { container } = props;
  instance = createApp(App);
  instance.use(router);
  instance.mount(container ? container.querySelector('#app') : '#app');
}
if (!window.__POWERED_BY_QIANKUN__) {
  render({});
}
export async function bootstrap() {
  console.log('dashboard bootstraped');
}
export async function mount(props) {
  console.log('dashboard mounted', props);
  render(props);
}
export async function unmount() {
  console.log('dashboard unmounted');
  instance.unmount();
  instance = null;
}

总结

将应用拆分成多个独立的微应用，可提升团队协作效率，缩短构建时间，有效避免巨石应用问题。