Spring Boot 数据导入导出与报表生成

application.properties 文件中的配置：

# 服务器端口
server.port=8080
# 数据库连接信息
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:testdb
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=password
# JPA 配置
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
# H2 数据库控制台
spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.h2.console.path=/h2-console

实体类：

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "product")
public class Product {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    private String productId;
    private String productName;
    private double price;
    private int sales;

    public Product() {}

    public Product(String productId, String productName, double price, int sales) {
        this.productId = productId;
        this.productName = productName;
        this.price = price;
        this.sales = sales;
    }

    // Getter 和 Setter 方法
    public Long getId() { return id; }
    public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
    public String getProductId() { return productId; }
    public void setProductId(String productId) { this.productId = productId; }
    public String getProductName() { return productName; }
    public void setProductName(String productName) { this.productName = productName; }
    public double getPrice() { return price; }
    public void setPrice(double price) { this.price = price; }
    public int getSales() { return sales; }
    public void setSales(int sales) { this.sales = sales; }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
                ", productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", sales=" + sales +
                '}';
    }
}

Repository 接口：

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {}

Service 类：

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;

    @Transactional
    public void importProducts(MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(file.getInputStream());
        Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
        Iterator<Row> iterator = sheet.iterator();
        if (iterator.hasNext()) {
            iterator.next(); // 跳过标题行
        }
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            Row currentRow = iterator.next();
            Product product = new Product();
            product.setProductId(currentRow.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
            product.setProductName(currentRow.getCell(1).getStringCellValue());
            product.setPrice(currentRow.getCell(2).getNumericCellValue());
            product.setSales((int) currentRow.getCell(3).getNumericCellValue());
            products.add(product);
        }
        productRepository.saveAll(products);
        workbook.close();
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public byte[] exportProducts() throws IOException {
        List<Product> products = productRepository.findAll();
        Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Products");
        Row headerRow = sheet.createRow(0);
        Cell headerCell0 = headerRow.createCell(0); headerCell0.setCellValue("Product ID");
        Cell headerCell1 = headerRow.createCell(1); headerCell1.setCellValue("Product Name");
        Cell headerCell2 = headerRow.createCell(2); headerCell2.setCellValue("Price");
        Cell headerCell3 = headerRow.createCell(3); headerCell3.setCellValue("Sales");
        int rowNum = 1;
        for (Product product : products) {
            Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);
            row.createCell(0).setCellValue(product.getProductId());
            row.createCell(1).setCellValue(product.getProductName());
            row.createCell(2).setCellValue(product.getPrice());
            row.createCell(3).setCellValue(product.getSales());
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        workbook.write(outputStream);
        workbook.close();
        return outputStream.toByteArray();
    }

    @Transactional
    public Product addProduct(Product product) {
        return productRepository.save(product);
    }

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productRepository.findAll();
    }
}

控制器类：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    @PostMapping("/import")
    public ResponseEntity<String> importProducts(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
        try {
            productService.importProducts(file);
            return ResponseEntity.ok("数据导入成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return ResponseEntity.status(500).body("数据导入失败：" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("/export")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> exportProducts() {
        try {
            byte[] bytes = productService.exportProducts();
            HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
            headers.setContentType(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"));
            headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", "products.xlsx");
            headers.setCacheControl("must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
            return ResponseEntity.ok().headers(headers).body(bytes);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return ResponseEntity.status(500).body(null);
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/")
    public Product addProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
        return productService.addProduct(product);
    }

    @GetMapping("/")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productService.getAllProducts();
    }
}

应用启动类：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    public void run(String... args) {
        productService.addProduct(new Product("P001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
        productService.addProduct(new Product("P002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
        productService.addProduct(new Product("P003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
        productService.addProduct(new Product("P004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        productService.addProduct(new Product("P005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
    }
}

测试类：

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class ProductApplicationTests {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {}

    @Test
    void testAddProduct() {
        Product product = new Product("P006", "平板", 2000.0, 70);
        Product savedProduct = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/", product, Product.class);
        assertThat(savedProduct).isNotNull();
        assertThat(savedProduct.getProductId()).isEqualTo("P006");
    }

    @Test
    void testGetAllProducts() {
        List<Product> products = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/", List.class);
        assertThat(products).isNotNull();
        assertThat(products.size()).isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(5);
    }

    @Test
    void testImportProducts() throws IOException {
        File file = new File("src/test/resources/products.xlsx");
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        MultipartFile multipartFile = new CommonsMultipartFile(inputStream);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> body = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        body.add("file", multipartFile);
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(body, headers);
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/import", HttpMethod.POST, requestEntity, String.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCodeValue()).isEqualTo(200);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).contains("数据导入成功");
    }

    @Test
    void testExportProducts() {
        ResponseEntity<byte[]> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/export", byte[].class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCodeValue()).isEqualTo(200);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
        assertThat(response.getBody().length).isGreaterThan(0);
    }
}

24.4 Spring Boot 与报表生成的基本方法

Spring Boot 与报表生成的基本方法包括使用 Apache POI、JasperReports、Excel 模板。

24.4.1 使用 JasperReports

作用：实现报表生成，提高应用程序的性能。

示例： pom.xml 文件中的依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Web 依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Data JPA 依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- H2 数据库依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
        <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- JasperReports 依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.sf.jasperreports</groupId>
        <artifactId>jasperreports</artifactId>
        <version>6.17.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.sf.jasperreports</groupId>
        <artifactId>jasperreports-fonts</artifactId>
        <version>6.17.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 测试依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Service 类：

import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.*;
import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.data.JRBeanCollectionDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Service
public class ReportService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;

    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public byte[] generateProductReport() throws JRException {
        List<Product> products = productRepository.findAll();
        InputStream templateStream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("/reports/product-report.jasper");
        JasperReport jasperReport = (JasperReport) JRLoader.loadObject(templateStream);
        Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<>();
        parameters.put("Title", "产品销售报表");
        JRBeanCollectionDataSource dataSource = new JRBeanCollectionDataSource(products);
        JasperPrint jasperPrint = JasperFillManager.fillReport(jasperReport, parameters, dataSource);
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        JasperExportManager.exportReportToPdfStream(jasperPrint, outputStream);
        return outputStream.toByteArray();
    }
}

控制器类：

import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JRException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
    @Autowired
    private ReportService reportService;

    @GetMapping("/report")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> generateProductReport() {
        try {
            byte[] bytes = reportService.generateProductReport();
            HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
            headers.setContentType(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/pdf"));
            headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", "product-report.pdf");
            headers.setCacheControl("must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
            return ResponseEntity.ok().headers(headers).body(bytes);
        } catch (JRException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return ResponseEntity.status(500).body(null);
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/import")
    public ResponseEntity<String> importProducts(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
        try {
            productService.importProducts(file);
            return ResponseEntity.ok("数据导入成功");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return ResponseEntity.status(500).body("数据导入失败：" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("/export")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> exportProducts() {
        try {
            byte[] bytes = productService.exportProducts();
            HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
            headers.setContentType(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"));
            headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", "products.xlsx");
            headers.setCacheControl("must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
            return ResponseEntity.ok().headers(headers).body(bytes);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return ResponseEntity.status(500).body(null);
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/")
    public Product addProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
        return productService.addProduct(product);
    }

    @GetMapping("/")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productService.getAllProducts();
    }
}

测试类：

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class ProductApplicationTests {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {}

    @Test
    void testAddProduct() {
        Product product = new Product("P006", "平板", 2000.0, 70);
        Product savedProduct = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/", product, Product.class);
        assertThat(savedProduct).isNotNull();
        assertThat(savedProduct.getProductId()).isEqualTo("P006");
    }

    @Test
    void testGetAllProducts() {
        List<Product> products = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/", List.class);
        assertThat(products).isNotNull();
        assertThat(products.size()).isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(5);
    }

    @Test
    void testImportProducts() throws IOException {
        File file = new File("src/test/resources/products.xlsx");
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        MultipartFile multipartFile = new CommonsMultipartFile(inputStream);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA);
        MultiValueMap<String, Object> body = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
        body.add("file", multipartFile);
        HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(body, headers);
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/import", HttpMethod.POST, requestEntity, String.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCodeValue()).isEqualTo(200);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).contains("数据导入成功");
    }

    @Test
    void testExportProducts() {
        ResponseEntity<byte[]> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/export", byte[].class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCodeValue()).isEqualTo(200);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
        assertThat(response.getBody().length).isGreaterThan(0);
    }

    @Test
    void testGenerateProductReport() {
        ResponseEntity<byte[]> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/report", byte[].class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCodeValue()).isEqualTo(200);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
        assertThat(response.getBody().length).isGreaterThan(0);
    }
}

24.5 Spring Boot 的实际应用场景

在实际开发中，Spring Boot 数据导入导出与报表生成的应用场景非常广泛，如：

• 实现产品信息的导入导出。
• 实现用户信息的导入导出。
• 实现订单信息的导入导出。
• 实现产品销售报表的生成。

输出结果：

• 访问 http://localhost:8080/api/products/report：下载产品销售报表（PDF 格式）。
• 访问 http://localhost:8080/api/products/import：上传产品信息 Excel 文件，导入数据。
• 访问 http://localhost:8080/api/products/export：下载产品信息 Excel 文件。

总结

本章学习了 Spring Boot 数据导入导出与报表生成，包括数据导入导出的定义与特点、集成、配置、报表生成的基本方法及实际应用场景。其中，数据导入导出的定义与特点、集成、配置、报表生成的基本方法、实际应用场景是本章的重点内容。从下一章开始，将学习 Spring Boot 的其他组件、微服务等内容。