Ubuntu 22.04 系统安装与开发环境配置指南

四、开发环境搭建

1. Python 环境

• 安装 Python3 和 pip

  sudo apt install python3 python3-pip -y
  

• 验证安装

  python3 --version
  pip3 --version
  

• 安装虚拟环境管理工具

  sudo apt install python3-venv -y
  

• 创建和激活虚拟环境

  python3 -m venv myenv
  source myenv/bin/activate
  

• 数据分析包示例

  pip install numpy pandas matplotlib seaborn jupyterlab scipy scikit-learn
  

• 启动 JupyterLab

  jupyter lab
  

2. Java 环境

• 安装 OpenJDK 17

  sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk -y
  

• 验证安装

  java -version
  javac -version
  

• 设置默认 Java 版本（多版本环境）

  sudo update-alternatives --config java
  sudo update-alternatives --config javac
  

• 安装 Maven

  sudo apt install maven -y
  mvn -version
  

3. Node.js 环境

curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt install nodejs -y

4. Docker 环境

• 安装必备依赖

  sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common -y
  

• 添加 Docker 官方 GPG 密钥

  curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
  

• 添加 Docker 仓库

  sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu jammy stable"
  sudo apt update
  

• 安装 Docker

  sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y
  

• 启动并设置开机自启

  sudo systemctl start docker
  sudo systemctl enable docker
  

• 非 root 用户使用 Docker

  sudo usermod -aG docker yourusername
  newgrp docker
  

• 验证安装

  docker run hello-world
  

5. VSCode 编辑器

• 导入 Microsoft GPG 密钥

  wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > packages.microsoft.gpg
  sudo install -o root -g root -m 644 packages.microsoft.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
  

• 添加 VSCode 仓库

  sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/packages.microsoft.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list'
  sudo apt update
  

• 安装 VSCode

  sudo apt install code -y
  

• 启动 VSCode

  code
  

五、常用命令总结

六、Docker Compose 编排示例

1. 目录结构

myapp/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── app/
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   └── app.py
└── requirements.txt

2. Dockerfile

FROM python:3.9-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY app.py .
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

3. app.py (Flask 示例)

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return "Hello from Flask app running in Docker!"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)

4. docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  web:
    build: ./app
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"
  redis:
    image: "redis:alpine"

5. 使用说明

• 构建并启动服务

  docker-compose up --build
  

• 停止并移除容器

  docker-compose down