在 Kubernetes 中部署 Kafka 高可用集群实战

五、部署 Kafka 集群

1. 部署 Zookeeper 集群

Kafka 依赖 Zookeeper 进行分布式协调。没有 Zookeeper，Kafka 无法正常运行。

我们需要创建一个 Namespace 和一个无头 Service 来暴露 Zookeeper 集群。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kafka
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: zookeeper-cluster
  namespace: kafka
  labels:
    app: zookeeper
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 2181
      name: zookeeper
    - port: 2188
      name: cluster1
    - port: 3888
      name: cluster2
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: zookeeper
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: zookeeper-config
  namespace: kafka
  labels:
    app: zookeeper
data:
  zoo.cfg: |
    tickTime=2000
    initLimit=10
    syncLimit=5
    dataDir=/data
    dataLogDir=/datalog
    clientPort=2181
    server.1=zookeeper-0.zookeeper-cluster.kafka:2188:3888
    server.2=zookeeper-1.zookeeper-cluster.kafka:2188:3888
    server.3=zookeeper-2.zookeeper-cluster.kafka:2188:3888
    4lw.commands.whitelist=*
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: zookeeper
  namespace: kafka
spec:
  serviceName: "zookeeper-cluster"
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: zookeeper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: zookeeper
    spec:
      initContainers:
      - name: set-zk-id
        image: busybox:latest
        command: ['sh', '-c', "hostname | cut -d '-' -f 2 | awk '{print $0 + 1}' > /data/myid"]
        volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /data
      containers:
      - name: zookeeper
        image: zookeeper:3.8
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "500Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
          limits:
            memory: "1000Mi"
            cpu: "1000m"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 2181
          name: zookeeper
        - containerPort: 2188
          name: cluster1
        - containerPort: 3888
          name: cluster2
        volumeMounts:
          - name: zook-config
            mountPath: /conf/zoo.cfg
            subPath: zoo.cfg
          - name: data
            mountPath: /data
        env:
        - name: MY_POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
      volumes:
      - name: zook-config
        configMap:
          name: zookeeper-config
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: data
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]
        storageClassName: nfs
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 10Gi

创建 Zookeeper 集群：

kubectl apply -f zook.yaml

检查 Pod 状态，确保三个节点都 Running。

2. 部署 Kafka 集群

接下来我们处理 Kafka 部分。这里我们使用三个独立的 StatefulSet 分别对应三个 Broker，每个 Broker 配置唯一的 ID 和监听地址。

注意 advertised.listeners 的配置，这决定了客户端如何连接 Broker。在实际生产环境中，建议结合 Ingress 或 LoadBalancer 使用，这里演示 NodePort 方式。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kafka-cluster
  namespace: kafka
  labels:
    app: kafka
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 9092
      name: kafka
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: kafka
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kafka-nodeport-service-0
  namespace: kafka
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name: kafka0-0
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 9092
      targetPort: 9092
      nodePort: 30092
      name: kafka
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kafka-nodeport-service-1
  namespace: kafka
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name: kafka1-0
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 9092
      targetPort: 9092
      nodePort: 30093
      name: kafka
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kafka-nodeport-service-2
  namespace: kafka
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    statefulset.kubernetes.io/pod-name: kafka2-0
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 9092
      targetPort: 9092
      nodePort: 30094
      name: kafka
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: kafka0
  namespace: kafka
spec:
  serviceName: "kafka-cluster"
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kafka0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kafka0
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kafka
        image: kafka:3.1.0
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "500Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
          limits:
            memory: "1000Mi"
            cpu: "2000m"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9092
          name: kafka
        command:
        - sh 
        - -c 
        - "exec /app/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /app/kafka/config/server.properties --override broker.id=0 --override listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092 --override advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://192.168.40.181:30092 --override zookeeper.connect=192.168.40.181:32181,192.168.40.181:32182,192.168.40.181:32183/kafka --override log.dirs=/var/lib/kafka/data --override auto.create.topics.enable=true --override auto.leader.rebalance.enable=true --override background.threads=10 --override compression.type=producer --override delete.topic.enable=true --override leader.imbalance.check.interval.seconds=300 --override leader.imbalance.per.broker.percentage=10 --override log.flush.interval.messages=9223372036854775807 --override log.flush.offset.checkpoint.interval.ms=60000 --override log.flush.scheduler.interval.ms=9223372036854775807 --override log.retention.bytes=-1 --override log.retention.hours=168 --override log.roll.hours=168 --override log.roll.jitter.hours=0 --override log.segment.bytes=1073741824 --override log.segment.delete.delay.ms=60000 --override message.max.bytes=1000012 --override min.insync.replicas=1 --override num.io.threads=8 --override num.network.threads=3 --override num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1 --override num.replica.fetchers=1 --override offset.metadata.max.bytes=4096 --override offsets.commit.required.acks=-1 --override offsets.commit.timeout.ms=5000 --override offsets.load.buffer.size=5242880 --override offsets.retention.check.interval.ms=600000 --override offsets.retention.minutes=1440 --override offsets.topic.compression.codec=0 --override offsets.topic.num.partitions=50 --override offsets.topic.replication.factor=3 --override offsets.topic.segment.bytes=104857600 --override queued.max.requests=500 --override quota.consumer.default=9223372036854775807 --override quota.producer.default=9223372036854775807 --override replica.fetch.min.bytes=1 --override replica.fetch.wait.max.ms=500 --override replica.high.watermark.checkpoint.interval.ms=5000 --override replica.lag.time.max.ms=10000 --override replica.socket.receive.buffer.bytes=65536 --override replica.socket.timeout.ms=30000 --override request.timeout.ms=30000 --override socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400 --override socket.request.max.bytes=104857600 --override socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400 --override unclean.leader.election.enable=true --override zookeeper.session.timeout.ms=6000 --override zookeeper.set.acl=false --override broker.id.generation.enable=true --override connections.max.idle.ms=600000 --override controlled.shutdown.enable=true --override controlled.shutdown.max.retries=3 --override controlled.shutdown.retry.backoff.ms=5000 --override controller.socket.timeout.ms=30000 --override default.replication.factor=1 --override fetch.purgatory.purge.interval.requests=1000 --override group.max.session.timeout.ms=300000 --override group.min.session.timeout.ms=6000 --override log.cleaner.backoff.ms=15000 --override log.cleaner.dedupe.buffer.size=134217728 --override log.cleaner.delete.retention.ms=86400000 --override log.cleaner.enable=true --override log.cleaner.io.buffer.load.factor=0.9 --override log.cleaner.io.buffer.size=524288 --override log.cleaner.io.max.bytes.per.second=1.7976931348623157E308 --override log.cleaner.min.cleanable.ratio=0.5 --override log.cleaner.min.compaction.lag.ms=0 --override log.cleaner.threads=1 --override log.cleanup.policy=delete --override log.index.interval.bytes=4096 --override log.index.size.max.bytes=10485760 --override log.message.timestamp.difference.max.ms=9223372036854775807 --override log.message.timestamp.type=CreateTime --override log.preallocate=false --override log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000 --override max.connections.per.ip=2147483647 --override num.partitions=1 --override producer.purgatory.purge.interval.requests=1000 --override replica.fetch.backoff.ms=1000 --override replica.fetch.max.bytes=1048576 --override replica.fetch.response.max.bytes=10485760 --override reserved.broker.max.id=1000"
        volumeMounts:
          - name: data0
            mountPath: /var/lib/kafka/data
        env:
        - name: MY_POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER
          value: "yes"
        - name: KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS
          value : "-Xms1g -Xmx1g"
        - name: JMX_PORT
          value: "5555"
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: data0
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]
        storageClassName: nfs
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 10Gi
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: kafka1
  namespace: kafka
spec:
  serviceName: "kafka-cluster"
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kafka1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kafka1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kafka
        image: kafka:3.1.0
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "500Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
          limits:
            memory: "1000Mi"
            cpu: "2000m"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9092
          name: kafka
        command:
        - sh 
        - -c 
        - "exec /app/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /app/kafka/config/server.properties --override broker.id=1 --override listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092 --override advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://192.168.40.181:30093 --override zookeeper.connect=192.168.40.181:32181,192.168.40.181:32182,192.168.40.181:32183/kafka --override log.dirs=/var/lib/kafka/data --override auto.create.topics.enable=true --override auto.leader.rebalance.enable=true --override background.threads=10 --override compression.type=producer --override delete.topic.enable=true --override leader.imbalance.check.interval.seconds=300 --override leader.imbalance.per.broker.percentage=10 --override log.flush.interval.messages=9223372036854775807 --override log.flush.offset.checkpoint.interval.ms=60000 --override log.flush.scheduler.interval.ms=9223372036854775807 --override log.retention.bytes=-1 --override log.retention.hours=168 --override log.roll.hours=168 --override log.roll.jitter.hours=0 --override log.segment.bytes=1073741824 --override log.segment.delete.delay.ms=60000 --override message.max.bytes=1000012 --override min.insync.replicas=1 --override num.io.threads=8 --override num.network.threads=3 --override num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1 --override num.replica.fetchers=1 --override offset.metadata.max.bytes=4096 --override offsets.commit.required.acks=-1 --override offsets.commit.timeout.ms=5000 --override offsets.load.buffer.size=5242880 --override offsets.retention.check.interval.ms=600000 --override offsets.retention.minutes=1440 --override offsets.topic.compression.codec=0 --override offsets.topic.num.partitions=50 --override offsets.topic.replication.factor=3 --override offsets.topic.segment.bytes=104857600 --override queued.max.requests=500 --override quota.consumer.default=9223372036854775807 --override quota.producer.default=9223372036854775807 --override replica.fetch.min.bytes=1 --override replica.fetch.wait.max.ms=500 --override replica.high.watermark.checkpoint.interval.ms=5000 --override replica.lag.time.max.ms=10000 --override replica.socket.receive.buffer.bytes=65536 --override replica.socket.timeout.ms=30000 --override request.timeout.ms=30000 --override socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400 --override socket.request.max.bytes=104857600 --override socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400 --override unclean.leader.election.enable=true --override zookeeper.session.timeout.ms=6000 --override zookeeper.set.acl=false --override broker.id.generation.enable=true --override connections.max.idle.ms=600000 --override controlled.shutdown.enable=true --override controlled.shutdown.max.retries=3 --override controlled.shutdown.retry.backoff.ms=5000 --override controller.socket.timeout.ms=30000 --override default.replication.factor=1 --override fetch.purgatory.purge.interval.requests=1000 --override group.max.session.timeout.ms=300000 --override group.min.session.timeout.ms=6000 --override log.cleaner.backoff.ms=15000 --override log.cleaner.dedupe.buffer.size=134217728 --override log.cleaner.delete.retention.ms=86400000 --override log.cleaner.enable=true --override log.cleaner.io.buffer.load.factor=0.9 --override log.cleaner.io.buffer.size=524288 --override log.cleaner.io.max.bytes.per.second=1.7976931348623157E308 --override log.cleaner.min.cleanable.ratio=0.5 --override log.cleaner.min.compaction.lag.ms=0 --override log.cleaner.threads=1 --override log.cleanup.policy=delete --override log.index.interval.bytes=4096 --override log.index.size.max.bytes=10485760 --override log.message.timestamp.difference.max.ms=9223372036854775807 --override log.message.timestamp.type=CreateTime --override log.preallocate=false --override log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000 --override max.connections.per.ip=2147483647 --override num.partitions=1 --override producer.purgatory.purge.interval.requests=1000 --override replica.fetch.backoff.ms=1000 --override replica.fetch.max.bytes=1048576 --override replica.fetch.response.max.bytes=10485760 --override reserved.broker.max.id=1000"
        volumeMounts:
          - name: data1
            mountPath: /var/lib/kafka/data
        env:
        - name: MY_POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER
          value: "yes"
        - name: KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS
          value : "-Xms1g -Xmx1g"
        - name: JMX_PORT
          value: "5555"
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: data1
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]
        storageClassName: nfs
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 10Gi
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: kafka2
  namespace: kafka
spec:
  serviceName: "kafka-cluster"
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kafka2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kafka2
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: kafka
        image: kafka:3.1.0
        imagePullPolicy: Never
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "500Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
          limits:
            memory: "1000Mi"
            cpu: "2000m"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9092
          name: kafka
        command:
        - sh 
        - -c 
        - "exec /app/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /app/kafka/config/server.properties --override broker.id=2 --override listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092 --override advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://192.168.40.181:30094 --override zookeeper.connect=192.168.40.181:32181,192.168.40.181:32182,192.168.40.181:32183/kafka --override log.dirs=/var/lib/kafka/data --override auto.create.topics.enable=true --override auto.leader.rebalance.enable=true --override background.threads=10 --override compression.type=producer --override delete.topic.enable=true --override leader.imbalance.check.interval.seconds=300 --override leader.imbalance.per.broker.percentage=10 --override log.flush.interval.messages=9223372036854775807 --override log.flush.offset.checkpoint.interval.ms=60000 --override log.flush.scheduler.interval.ms=9223372036854775807 --override log.retention.bytes=-1 --override log.retention.hours=168 --override log.roll.hours=168 --override log.roll.jitter.hours=0 --override log.segment.bytes=1073741824 --override log.segment.delete.delay.ms=60000 --override message.max.bytes=1000012 --override min.insync.replicas=1 --override num.io.threads=8 --override num.network.threads=3 --override num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1 --override num.replica.fetchers=1 --override offset.metadata.max.bytes=4096 --override offsets.commit.required.acks=-1 --override offsets.commit.timeout.ms=5000 --override offsets.load.buffer.size=5242880 --override offsets.retention.check.interval.ms=600000 --override offsets.retention.minutes=1440 --override offsets.topic.compression.codec=0 --override offsets.topic.num.partitions=50 --override offsets.topic.replication.factor=3 --override offsets.topic.segment.bytes=104857600 --override queued.max.requests=500 --override quota.consumer.default=9223372036854775807 --override quota.producer.default=9223372036854775807 --override replica.fetch.min.bytes=1 --override replica.fetch.wait.max.ms=500 --override replica.high.watermark.checkpoint.interval.ms=5000 --override replica.lag.time.max.ms=10000 --override replica.socket.receive.buffer.bytes=65536 --override replica.socket.timeout.ms=30000 --override request.timeout.ms=30000 --override socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400 --override socket.request.max.bytes=104857600 --override socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400 --override unclean.leader.election.enable=true --override zookeeper.session.timeout.ms=6000 --override zookeeper.set.acl=false --override broker.id.generation.enable=true --override connections.max.idle.ms=600000 --override controlled.shutdown.enable=true --override controlled.shutdown.max.retries=3 --override controlled.shutdown.retry.backoff.ms=5000 --override controller.socket.timeout.ms=30000 --override default.replication.factor=1 --override fetch.purgatory.purge.interval.requests=1000 --override group.max.session.timeout.ms=300000 --override group.min.session.timeout.ms=6000 --override log.cleaner.backoff.ms=15000 --override log.cleaner.dedupe.buffer.size=134217728 --override log.cleaner.delete.retention.ms=86400000 --override log.cleaner.enable=true --override log.cleaner.io.buffer.load.factor=0.9 --override log.cleaner.io.buffer.size=524288 --override log.cleaner.io.max.bytes.per.second=1.7976931348623157E308 --override log.cleaner.min.cleanable.ratio=0.5 --override log.cleaner.min.compaction.lag.ms=0 --override log.cleaner.threads=1 --override log.cleanup.policy=delete --override log.index.interval.bytes=4096 --override log.index.size.max.bytes=10485760 --override log.message.timestamp.difference.max.ms=9223372036854775807 --override log.message.timestamp.type=CreateTime --override log.preallocate=false --override log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000 --override max.connections.per.ip=2147483647 --override num.partitions=1 --override producer.purgatory.purge.interval.requests=1000 --override replica.fetch.backoff.ms=1000 --override replica.fetch.max.bytes=1048576 --override replica.fetch.response.max.bytes=10485760 --override reserved.broker.max.id=1000"
        volumeMounts:
          - name: data2
            mountPath: /var/lib/kafka/data
        env:
        - name: MY_POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_LISTENER
          value: "yes"
        - name: KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS
          value : "-Xms1g -Xmx1g"
        - name: JMX_PORT
          value: "5555"
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: data2
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]
        storageClassName: nfs
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 10Gi

创建 Kafka 集群：

kubectl apply -f kafka.yaml

查看 Pod 状态，确认所有 Kafka 节点均已启动。

至此，Kafka 集群在 Kubernetes 中部署完成。后续可根据业务需求调整副本数和资源配置。