鸿蒙超级终端多设备协同开发

应用示例

entry/src/main/ets/services/SearchService.ets

import { DistributedDataManager } from '../utils/DistributedDataManager';

// 搜索服务
export class SearchService {
  // 保存搜索记录
  async saveSearchHistory(keyword: string): Promise<void> {
    const history = await this.getSearchHistory();
    const index = history.findIndex(item => item === keyword);
    if (index !== -1) {
      history.splice(index, 1);
    }
    history.unshift(keyword);
    if (history.length > 10) {
      history.splice(10);
    }
    await DistributedDataManager.getInstance().saveData('searchHistory', history);
  }

  // 获取搜索记录
  async getSearchHistory(): Promise<Array<string>> {
    const history = await DistributedDataManager.getInstance().getData('searchHistory');
    return history || [];
  }

  // 删除搜索记录
  async deleteSearchHistory(keyword: string): Promise<void> {
    const history = await this.getSearchHistory();
    const index = history.findIndex(item => item === keyword);
    if (index !== -1) {
      history.splice(index, 1);
      await DistributedDataManager.getInstance().saveData('searchHistory', history);
    }
  }

  // 清空搜索记录
  async clearSearchHistory(): Promise<void> {
    await DistributedDataManager.getInstance().deleteData('searchHistory');
  }
}

entry/src/main/ets/services/CartService.ets

import { DistributedDataManager } from '../utils/DistributedDataManager';

// 购物车服务
export class CartService {
  // 添加商品到购物车
  async addToCart(productId: number, count: number): Promise<void> {
    const cartItems = await this.getCartItems();
    const index = cartItems.findIndex(item => item.productId === productId);
    if (index !== -1) {
      cartItems[index].count += count;
    } else {
      // 假设 goodsData 已在外部定义
      const product = goodsData.find(item => item.id === productId);
      if (product) {
        cartItems.push({ id: productId, productId, name: product.name, imageUrl: product.imageUrl, price: product.price, count, isChecked: false });
      }
    }
    await this.saveCartItems(cartItems);
    // 同步到分布式数据管理
    await DistributedDataManager.getInstance().saveData('cartItems', cartItems);
  }

  // 获取购物车商品
  async getCartItems(): Promise<Array<CartItemModel>> {
    // 先从分布式数据管理获取
    const remoteData = await DistributedDataManager.getInstance().getData('cartItems');
    if (remoteData) return remoteData;
    // 分布式数据管理无数据，从本地数据库获取
    const localData = await this.getCartItemsFromLocal();
    return localData;
  }

  // 删除购物车商品
  async deleteCartItem(id: number): Promise<void> {
    const cartItems = await this.getCartItems();
    const index = cartItems.findIndex(item => item.id === id);
    if (index !== -1) {
      cartItems.splice(index, 1);
      await this.saveCartItems(cartItems);
      // 同步到分布式数据管理
      await DistributedDataManager.getInstance().saveData('cartItems', cartItems);
    }
  }

  // 清空购物车
  async clearCart(): Promise<void> {
    await this.saveCartItems([]);
    // 同步到分布式数据管理
    await DistributedDataManager.getInstance().saveData('cartItems', []);
  }
}

3. 分布式通信实现

工具类

entry/src/main/ets/utils/DistributedCommunicationManager.ets

import communication from '@ohos.comm';
import { UIAbilityContext } from '@ohos.abilityAccessCtrl';

// 分布式通信工具类
export class DistributedCommunicationManager {
  private static instance: DistributedCommunicationManager | null = null;
  private communicationHelper: communication.CommunicationHelper | null = null;

  // 单例模式
  static getInstance(): DistributedCommunicationManager {
    if (!DistributedCommunicationManager.instance) {
      DistributedCommunicationManager.instance = new DistributedCommunicationManager();
    }
    return DistributedCommunicationManager.instance;
  }

  // 初始化分布式通信
  async init(context: UIAbilityContext): Promise<void> {
    if (!this.communicationHelper) {
      this.communicationHelper = communication.createCommunicationHelper(context);
    }
  }

  // 发现设备
  onDeviceFound(callback: (device: communication.DeviceInfo) => void): void {
    if (!this.communicationHelper) return;
    this.communicationHelper.on('deviceFound', (device: communication.DeviceInfo) => {
      callback(device);
    });
  }

  // 取消发现设备
  offDeviceFound(callback: (device: communication.DeviceInfo) => void): void {
    if (!this.communicationHelper) return;
    this.communicationHelper.off('deviceFound', callback);
  }

  // 连接设备
  async connectDevice(deviceId: string): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.communicationHelper) return false;
    const result = await this.communicationHelper.connect(deviceId);
    return result === communication.ConnectResult.SUCCESS;
  }

  // 断开设备连接
  async disconnectDevice(deviceId: string): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.communicationHelper) return false;
    const result = await this.communicationHelper.disconnect(deviceId);
    return result === communication.DisconnectResult.SUCCESS;
  }

  // 发送消息
  async sendMessage(deviceId: string, message: string): Promise<boolean> {
    if (!this.communicationHelper) return false;
    const result = await this.communicationHelper.sendMessage(deviceId, message);
    return result === communication.SendResult.SUCCESS;
  }

  // 接收消息
  onMessageReceived(callback: (deviceId: string, message: string) => void): void {
    if (!this.communicationHelper) return;
    this.communicationHelper.on('messageReceived', (deviceId: string, message: string) => {
      callback(deviceId, message);
    });
  }

  // 取消接收消息
  offMessageReceived(callback: (deviceId: string, message: string) => void): void {
    if (!this.communicationHelper) return;
    this.communicationHelper.off('messageReceived', callback);
  }
}

组件示例

entry/src/main/ets/components/DeviceListComponent.ets

import { DistributedCommunicationManager } from '../utils/DistributedCommunicationManager';
import { communication } from '@ohos.comm';

@Component
export struct DeviceListComponent {
  @State deviceList: Array<communication.DeviceInfo> = [];
  @State connectedDeviceId: string = '';

  build() {
    Column({ space: 16 }) {
      Text('已连接设备').fontSize(18).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold).textColor('#000000');
      List({ space: 16 }) {
        ForEach(this.deviceList, (device: communication.DeviceInfo) => {
          ListItem() {
            Row({ space: 16 }) {
              Image(device.icon).width(40).height(40).objectFit(ImageFit.Contain);
              Column({ space: 8 }) {
                Text(device.name).fontSize(14).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold).textColor('#000000');
                Text(device.type).fontSize(14).textColor('#666666');
              }.layoutWeight(1);
              if (device.id === this.connectedDeviceId) {
                Text('已连接').fontSize(14).textColor('#007DFF');
              } else {
                Button('连接').width(80).height(40).backgroundColor('#007DFF').onClick(async () => {
                  const result = await DistributedCommunicationManager.getInstance().connectDevice(device.id);
                  if (result) {
                    this.connectedDeviceId = device.id;
                  }
                });
              }
            }.width('100%').height('auto').padding(16).backgroundColor('#FFFFFF').borderRadius(12);
          }.width('100%').height('auto');
        }, (device: communication.DeviceInfo) => device.id);
      }.width('100%').height('auto').padding(16);
      Text('可连接设备').fontSize(18).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold).textColor('#000000');
      List({ space: 16 }) {
        // 可连接设备列表
      }.width('100%').height('auto').padding(16);
    }.width('100%').height('100%').backgroundColor('#F5F5F5');
  }

  aboutToAppear() {
    // 监听设备发现
    DistributedCommunicationManager.getInstance().onDeviceFound((device: communication.DeviceInfo) => {
      this.deviceList.push(device);
    });
  }
}

配置与部署

1. 配置文件修改

在 entry/src/main/module.json5 中添加分布式能力配置：

{
  "module": {
    "requestPermissions": [
      { "name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC" },
      { "name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_COMMUNICATION" },
      { "name": "ohos.permission.GET_NETWORK_INFO" },
      { "name": "ohos.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" },
      { "name": "ohos.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" }
    ],
    "abilities": [],
    "widgets": [],
    "pages": []
  }
}

2. 项目部署

1. 编译项目：在 DevEco Studio 中点击 Build → Build HAP，编译项目。
2. 部署到设备：将编译后的 HAP 文件部署到鸿蒙设备上。
3. 测试多设备协同：
   • 在手机上打开应用，搜索商品，查看商品详情；
   • 在平板上打开应用，查看购物车商品；
   • 在智慧屏上打开应用，查看购物车商品。

效果验证

• 多设备协同：手机上搜索商品，平板上查看商品详情；
• 数据同步：购物车数据在多设备间同步；
• 设备发现：自动发现附近的鸿蒙设备；
• 设备连接：手动连接附近的鸿蒙设备。

总结

本文完成了超级终端多设备协同的定义与架构介绍，实现了商品搜索与购物车两个核心业务场景的多设备协同。涵盖了分布式数据管理与分布式通信的原理与实现方式，以及多设备协同的设备发现与连接流程。