使用 Docker 部署 n8n 并启用 Python Native 节点

3. 创建 .env 文件

N8N_BASIC_AUTH_ACTIVE=true
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_USER=admin
N8N_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=admin123
N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY=change_this_to_random_string

注意：N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY 需替换为随机生成的字符串，可在宿主机执行 openssl rand -hex 16 生成。

4. 创建 n8n-task-runners.json 文件

{
  "task-runners": [
    {
      "runner-type": "javascript",
      "workdir": "/home/runner",
      "command": "/usr/local/bin/node",
      "args": ["--disallow-code-generation-from-strings", "--disable-proto=delete", "/opt/runners/task-runner-javascript/dist/start.js"],
      "health-check-server-port": "5681",
      "allowed-env": ["PATH", "GENERIC_TIMEZONE", "NODE_OPTIONS", "N8N_RUNNERS_AUTO_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT", "N8N_RUNNERS_TASK_TIMEOUT", "N8N_RUNNERS_MAX_CONCURRENCY", "N8N_SENTRY_DSN", "N8N_VERSION", "ENVIRONMENT", "DEPLOYMENT_NAME"],
      "env-overrides": {"NODE_FUNCTION_ALLOW_BUILTIN": "crypto", "NODE_FUNCTION_ALLOW_EXTERNAL": "moment", "N8N_RUNNERS_HEALTH_CHECK_SERVER_HOST": "0.0.0.0"}
    },
    {
      "runner-type": "python",
      "workdir": "/home/runner",
      "command": "/opt/runners/task-runner-python/.venv/bin/python",
      "args": ["-m", "src.main"],
      "health-check-server-port": "5682",
      "allowed-env": ["PATH", "N8N_RUNNERS_LAUNCHER_LOG_LEVEL", "N8N_RUNNERS_AUTO_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT", "N8N_RUNNERS_TASK_TIMEOUT", "N8N_RUNNERS_MAX_CONCURRENCY", "N8N_RUNNERS_STDLIB_ALLOW", "N8N_SENTRY_DSN", "N8N_VERSION", "ENVIRONMENT", "DEPLOYMENT_NAME"],
      "env-overrides": {"PYTHONPATH": "/opt/runners/task-runner-python", "N8N_RUNNERS_EXTERNAL_ALLOW": ""}
    }
  ]
}

5. 启动运行

docker compose up -d

浏览器访问：http://ip:5678

常见问题

1. Error: Mismatching encryption keys...

原因：新配置的 N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY 与 n8n 已存储在配置文件中的旧密钥不匹配。

解决步骤：

1. 找到旧加密密钥：进入 n8n 数据卷目录查看配置文件。

   docker volume inspect n8n_n8n_data | grep Mountpoint
   cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/n8n_n8n_data/_data
   cat config
   

   在 config 文件中找到 encryptionKey 字段，复制其值。

2. 将旧密钥配置为 N8N_ENCRYPTION_KEY：修改 .env 文件中的对应配置，重启容器即可。

2. Problem in node 'Code in Python (Native)' Security violations detected

原因：n8n 的 Python Code 节点默认禁用了外部模块的导入。

解决方法：检查 docker-compose.yaml 中是否包含 N8N_RUNNERS_STDLIB_ALLOW=* 和 ./n8n-task-runners.json:/etc/n8n-task-runners.json 配置，并确保 n8n-task-runners.json 内容正确。